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8 Sep 2011: In addition, much ODL research is undertaken by post-graduate students and middle-level staff within distance education institutions (Zawacki-Richter, Bäcker & Vogt, 2009) who need to comply with the instructions ... Assessment played an important role

4 Sep 2007: 1 . The Twelfth Cambridge Conference on Open and Distance Learning . Return to index . Conference Papers by authors S – Z . Chris Shei  Translationbased distance learning:

7 Dec 2011: conferencing. Facsimile (fax) machines are being used for rapid turn-round of student assignments and tests. ... The facsimile machines are being used for rapid turn around of student assignments and tests.

4 Sep 2007: and external implementation problems for ODL in Nigeria under the following factors; schools, managerial, teachers, students, public image, energyrelated, economic, TeleDensity and lack of consistency in programmes and policy.

8 Sep 2011: How ODL compliant are self-assessment tests, tutor made tests and assessment techniques? ... The Arab Open University is its Middle East partner. However, there is increasing concern about rogue or low quality providers who are not recognized by the

7 Dec 2011: For the developed countries the motives are perhaps more complex. Economic factors are normally of major importance and in particular the cost of employing teachers. ... with course production, the use of media and in particular new technologies, the

8 Sep 2011: It also refers to the same kind of disparities, within the same country, between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels (UN, 2006). ... World Bank (2009). World bank, “Economic & Fiscal Impact of

11 Sep 2009: able to use ICT for meaningful ends….reducing marginalization, poverty and inequality and enhancing economic and social inclusion for all” (Warschauer, 2003, p.

7 Dec 2011: economic, military and ideological dominance of a restricted range of socio-economic models. ... her paper the vital importance of "ICT for education, training and the social and economic uplifting and empowering in Africa and but stresses that this will

7 Dec 2011: In a country where there is such social, economic and cultural diversity it is hard to establish a student support system to meet all needs. ... This is in a country with 4 mill people spread out over 324 mill square km; - which is the population of a