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8 Sep 2011: In addition, much ODL research is undertaken by post-graduate students and middle-level staff within distance education institutions (Zawacki-Richter, Bäcker & Vogt, 2009) who need to comply with the instructions ... Assessment played an important role

7 Dec 2011: conferencing. Facsimile (fax) machines are being used for rapid turn-round of student assignments and tests. ... The facsimile machines are being used for rapid turn around of student assignments and tests.

8 Sep 2011: How ODL compliant are self-assessment tests, tutor made tests and assessment techniques? ... The Arab Open University is its Middle East partner. However, there is increasing concern about rogue or low quality providers who are not recognized by the

7 Dec 2011: For the developed countries the motives are perhaps more complex. Economic factors are normally of major importance and in particular the cost of employing teachers. ... with course production, the use of media and in particular new technologies, the

8 Sep 2011: It also refers to the same kind of disparities, within the same country, between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels (UN, 2006). ... World Bank (2009). World bank, “Economic & Fiscal Impact of

7 Dec 2011: directing their attention off-shore, particularly to Asia and the Middle East. ... Most clients, because of the commercially driven motivation of Australian universities to engage in off-shore activities, are likely to be full fee paying, and therefore

8 Sep 2011: less sophisticated connectivity or other problems with access to ICT, be they geographical, socio-economic, personal or even preferential. ... MBA students could study one of two modules at Stage 1 – one provided a direct entry route onto the MBA for

7 Dec 2011: Convergence is part of wider dynamic of social, political, technical, economic and educational factors, but through a situated understanding of numerous small, "localized settings" (Suchman, 1997) we can come to discern ... One change we experience in

7 Dec 2011: economic, military and ideological dominance of a restricted range of socio-economic models. ... her paper the vital importance of "ICT for education, training and the social and economic uplifting and empowering in Africa and but stresses that this will

7 Dec 2011: In a country where there is such social, economic and cultural diversity it is hard to establish a student support system to meet all needs. ... This is in a country with 4 mill people spread out over 324 mill square km; - which is the population of a