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3 Dec 2009: measures of ‘native ability’ scores from tests (such as the Ravens test) in earnings functions. ... Our tests, however, were administered in Urdu. Therefore, these people’s inability to comprehend the literacy test possibly captured their inability

3 Dec 2009: The test used by Levine and replicated here tests the fundamental implication of efficiency wage theory that marginal wage increases raise productivity sufficiently to pay for themselves. ... Hanushek, Eric (1986) “The Economics of Schooling:

3 Dec 2009: The extent to which education raises earnings is loosely called the economic ‘return’ to education. ... Federal Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.

3 Dec 2009: 4. Progressive Matrices test and tests of numeracy and literacy were also given to each sampled child2. ... Sabot (1990). We adapted these tests to the Pakistani context, reduced the number of questions to test.

3 Dec 2009: explanation for large gender gaps in education in Pakistan. We empirically test this. ... sizeable gender asymmetry in economic returns to education, with returns to women’s.

3 Dec 2009: The 2006 wave of the GHWS includes data from four skills tests and a health knowledge test. ... The skills tests include a Raven’s test, an English test, a mathematics test, and a reading test.1There is some evidence in very recent literature regarding

3 Dec 2009: Oxford, OX1 3UQ United Kingdom. francis.teal@economics.ox.ac.uk. September 2008 This paper was presented to the Conference on ‘Economic Incentives: Do They Work in Education?’ 15-17 May ... the Ravens Progressive Matrices test. The teacher

3 Dec 2009: Measuring these economic returns to apprenticeship is a difficult undertaking for three reasons. ... scores on skills tests and the score on the Raven’s test.

3 Dec 2009: measures of ‘native ability’ scores from tests (such as the Ravens test) in earnings functions. ... Our tests, however, were administered in Urdu. Therefore, these people’s inability to comprehend the literacy test possibly captured their inability

3 Dec 2009: However, this variable is not a good measure of the true economic circumstances of the households. ... formation) and prevent economic status from confounding the findings as much as possible.