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11 Jul 2007: Failure of these structures causes great economic losses, serious impediment to post-earthquake emergency operations and long-lasting disruption of social and economic life. ... Element tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of sand under

11 Jul 2007: Thirdly, the program was used to predict the failure mode anderimental tests on concrete slabs. ... Values ranged from 0.87 in test A2 to 1.33 in test C2, with the range being between 1.04 and 1.33 for the first 11 tests.

11 Jul 2007: The test program was designed to examine the effectiveness of spirals as lateral reinforcement. ... Fig. 9 shows the shear load test comparison for the cycled and the reference beams.

11 Jul 2007: Two different yield criteria were considered in Ref [16] both of which approximate observed results from tests on standard monolithic specimens. ... section. Using fc in lieu of Neilsen’s use of the compressive test strength (fcu ) the reinforcement

11 Jul 2007: 1 INTRODUCTION Experimental studies with reinforced concrete structures demonstrate that to achieve the ductility that you plan to study, the experimental test pieces have to be designed very carefully [1]. ... Microzonation study). Casualty model. Loss