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28 Jun 2024: Steels for rails. W. Solano-Alvarez and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. Transport by rail is an efficient way of moving goods and people while managing problems such as congestion and the consequences on the environment. The relatively low energy

24 Jun 2024: Continuously cooled hypoeutectoid steel. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. The vast majority of the 1.3 billion tonnes of steel proudced annually have a microstructure which is a mixture of allotriomorphic ferrite and pearlite. The pearlite is the last phase

4 Jul 2024: Martensite and Martensitic Phase Transformations. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Evolution of martensite. A movie of martensitic transformation in Fe-0.18C-0.2Si-0.9Mn-2.9Ni-1.5Cr-0.4Mo wt% steel, using confocal laser microscopy. The time and temperature

4 Jul 2024: Computer Modelling of the Yield Strength of Mixed Microstructures of Bainite and Martensite. C. H. Young and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. The strength of mixed microstructures of bainite and martensite can peak at an intermediate volume fraction

4 Jul 2024: Retained Austenite. Crystallography of Austenite. Theory and Significance of Retained Austenite in Steels. Ph.D. thesis, by Harry Bhadeshia, University of Cambridge, 1979. Reaustenitisation of some Alloy Steels. Ph.D. thesis, by Ursula Ruth Lenel,

24 Jun 2024: "Rail Live" 2024. Pictures courtesy of Wilberth Solano who took them while at the Rail Live exhibition. Setting up for the demonstration of aluminothermit welding of rails. The yellow "Pandrol" is a preheater powered by propane. This avoids the need

4 Jul 2024: Book on bainite (electronic version available for free download). Movies about Martensite and Bainite.

6 Jul 2024: Pure, amorphous iron. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. The review covers the difficulty in obtaining amorphous iron, the clever experiments that have produced small particles or thin films of glassy iron, together with models that estimate the

4 Jul 2024: Download PDF file of paper from HAL open access.

27 Jun 2024: Tiling and crystallography. The image below is of tiling done by Stoyan Smoukov (who kindly provided the image) at a sink in his house. The tiles have a clever shape so that they can tesselate to fill completely, a two-dimensional surface. Each tile

4 Jul 2024: The Incomplete Bainite Reaction: Possible Reasons for Apparent Differences in TEM and Atom-Probe Determination of Austenite Carbon Content. D. Hall, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and W. Stobbs. Abstract. Carbon segregation following the transformation of

4 Jul 2024: Bainite: Overall Transformation Kinetics. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. New experimental results on the overall transformation kinetics of the bainite reaction (in three different steels) are interpreted in terms of recent work on the mechanism

4 Jul 2024: Download PDF file of paper from HAL open access.

4 Jul 2024: Editing your. bashrc file. Go to your home space 'root directory' (type cd). Use your favorite text editor (e.g. type xemacs. bashrc). There should be a line looking like: PATH=$PATH:blabla:. If there is not, just add one. In the case of staroffice,

4 Jul 2024: Teaching Materials. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia.. Crystallography. Examination questions. Slides and Videos. Animations. Scaleable vector graphics. Metals & Alloys (year 2). Phase transformations (year 2, Queen Mary University of London). Phase

4 Jul 2024: Aluminium-Silicon Casting Alloys. R. Cornell and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. A discussion of solidification and its effects can be found in a set of lectures available online. Information on the friction stir welding of these alloys is also available.

4 Jul 2024: Dendritic Solidification. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Solidification. A liquid when cooled solidifies. Alternatively, it may solidify when the pressure is decreased or increased, depending on the sign of the density change. Once nucleation has occurred,

4 Jul 2024: Cast Irons. Miguel Angel Yescas-Gonzalez and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Cast irons typically contain 2-4 wt% of carbon with a high silicon concentrations and a greater concentration of impurities than steels. The carbon equivalent (CE) of a cast iron

4 Jul 2024: Nickel Based Superalloys. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. A superalloy is a metallic alloy which can be used at high temperatures, often in excess of 0.7 of the absolute melting temperature. Creep and oxidation resistance are the prime design criteria.

24 Jun 2024: You can freely download the complete book Theory of Transformations in Steels.

4 Jul 2024: Stainless Steels. T. Sourmail and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Introduction. Steels are said to be stainless when they resist corrosion; the is achieved by dissolving sufficient chromium in the iron to produce a coherent, adherent, insulating and

4 Jul 2024: Tempered Martensite. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Introduction. Tempering is a term historically associated with the heat treatment of martensite in steels. It describes how the microstructure and mechanical properties change as the metastable sample is

4 Jul 2024: Publications (chronological list). Alternative List. (classified by subject).. PAPERS pre 1981. "The Bainite Transformation in a Silicon Steel". Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 10A, 1979, pp. 895-907. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and D.V. "Tempered