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28 Jun 2024: Steels for rails. W. Solano-Alvarez and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. Transport by rail is an efficient way of moving goods and people while managing problems such as congestion and the consequences on the environment. The relatively low energy

24 Jun 2024: Continuously cooled hypoeutectoid steel. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. The vast majority of the 1.3 billion tonnes of steel proudced annually have a microstructure which is a mixture of allotriomorphic ferrite and pearlite. The pearlite is the last phase

8 Jun 2024: Phase Transformations & Complex. Properties Research Group. Queen Mary University of London. Emeritus Tata Steel Professor of Metallurgy. University of Cambridge. Ph.D. student. Rajdeep Mondal. rajdeep.mondal@qmul.ac.uk. Honorary Associates. The

16 Jun 2024: CML Reunion, South Korea. Many long-standing and recent members of the Computational Metallurgy Laboratory at GIFT, POSTECH in South Korea got together for a reunion in Pohang. The event also marked the celebration of Professor Dong Woo Suh's

16 Jun 2024: Harry at the BBC. Harry was at the BBC to record the Life Scientific podcast. Heading towards the famous studios in London's Broadcasting House. The newsroom from the top. The Tardis. Published, 2023. October 8th, 2024.

3 Jun 2024: The Norwich 60 bicycle ride, 2nd June 2024. Training before the Norwich ride. Training consisted of two separate 40 mile sessions. In the beautiful Cambridgeshire countryside. Each 40.57 mile trip began in Comberton, to St Ives, and back. In St Ives,

3 Jun 2024: Rajdeep Mondal does experiments, May 2024. Rajdeep Mondal is conducting research leading to a Ph.D. qualification from Queen Mary University of London. Here, Dr Steve Ooi is helping to use the machine, very generously, over two whole days. The

14 Apr 2024: Professor Haibin Zuo visits from USTB. Professor ZUO Haibin, Associate Director of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, at the University of Science and Technology Beijing, visited us (Haixue Yan and Harry) at Queen Mary University of

3 Jun 2024: Saurabh Kundu from Tata Steel, visits Japan, May 2024. Saurabh Kundu attended the 56th TECO meeting of the World Steel Association, at Tokyo, Japan. There he had the opportunity to connect once again with colleagues who were all in the Phase

14 Apr 2024: A collection of 280 years. Ravindra, Mukesh, Batuk and Harry (Harshad) were all at the Highway Secondary School in Nairobi, back in 1968. We all now live in the U.K. and had our first ever reunion, after some 45 years, in London. Ravindra organised

14 Apr 2024: Adventures of PT Group Members (and others). An elephant made from graphite. An asymmetrical "I-beam". Trading post in New Mexico (not the Dominican Republic), picture courtesy of Noelle Hommedieu. Pieces of steel that Faraday himself conducted

20 Jun 2024: Dr Sangeeta Khare visits Cambridge. Dr Sangeeta Khare is an academic at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. She is also a PT Group member, having worked with Harry for many years, both at POSTECH in South Korea and in Cambridge. Here, we are

4 May 2024: Paul Shelley visits from Molycop, May 2024 2024. Molycop is an international industry supplying mining consumables. It has laboratories in Australia, Chile and Peru. Dr Paul Shelley sponsors research on steel at Queen Mary University of London, and

11 Sep 2023: Pearlite. Articles. Strength of undeformed pearlite, orPearlitic wire. Phases. Computer Programs. Bridges using Pearlitic Ropes. Sculptre made of endless pearlitic steel rope. Sculptre made of pearlitic steel rope, University of Manchester. Bridge

4 Jul 2024: Editing your. bashrc file. Go to your home space 'root directory' (type cd). Use your favorite text editor (e.g. type xemacs. bashrc). There should be a line looking like: PATH=$PATH:blabla:. If there is not, just add one. In the case of staroffice,

7 Jul 2024: Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Special Issue on Bainite, Volume 8, 2004. Bainite Transformations (Preface). Pages 211 to 211. Bhadeshia, Harry. Recent progress: kinetics of the bainite transformation in steels. Pages 213 to

4 Jul 2024: Aluminium-Silicon Casting Alloys. R. Cornell and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. A discussion of solidification and its effects can be found in a set of lectures available online. Information on the friction stir welding of these alloys is also available.

4 Jul 2024: Dendritic Solidification. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Solidification. A liquid when cooled solidifies. Alternatively, it may solidify when the pressure is decreased or increased, depending on the sign of the density change. Once nucleation has occurred,

11 Sep 2023: Pearlite in art, The Chrysalis. The term "chrysalis" describes a hard case that protects a stage of growth in which a butterfly turns into an adult. It eventually breaks to allow the butterfly to emerge. Here, Kang Muxiang has used discarded

4 Jul 2024: Cast Irons. Miguel Angel Yescas-Gonzalez and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Cast irons typically contain 2-4 wt% of carbon with a high silicon concentrations and a greater concentration of impurities than steels. The carbon equivalent (CE) of a cast iron

1 Feb 2024: steel, bainite, kinetics. Download.

11 Sep 2023: Steel Bridges in Japan. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. The Akashi Kaikyo bridge, a 3-span 2-hinged truss-stiffened suspension bridge. completed in 1998. It connects Kobe with Awaji Island. It is the world's longest suspension bridge, with a span between the

31 Jan 2024: H. Bhadeshia, 2024, the relevant page of which is included in the download files. ... steel, pearlite, austenite, austenite growth, kinetics. Download.

4 Jul 2024: Nickel Based Superalloys. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. A superalloy is a metallic alloy which can be used at high temperatures, often in excess of 0.7 of the absolute melting temperature. Creep and oxidation resistance are the prime design criteria.

10 Sep 2023: The Taipei 101 Tower, Taiwan: The Tallest Building on Earth, made using Steel. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Until 2010, the Taipei 101 Tower of Taiwan was the tallest building on Earth. Its height above ground is 509.2 m. This includes the 60 m spire; the

11 Oct 2023: widmanstatten, bainite, martensite, start temperature. Download.

14 Apr 2024: Trinity College, Cambridge, Science Society 2024. The Trinity College Science Society is run by undergraduate students, who invited Harry to give an evening lecture before dinner. The lectures are open to the public. Pictures courtesy of Deepak

11 Feb 2024: Harry at KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, February 2024. Harry was at KTH Royal Institute of Technology as the "opponent" to Tania Loiza Uribe's well-defended Ph.D. thesis. Pictures courtesy of Steve Ooi. It snowed with temperatures close to -5 centigrade.

23 Jan 2024: Steels, the 5th edition, published 2024. Alloys of iron. Alloys of iron. Alloys of iron. Alloys of iron. Alloys of iron. Corten steel used by Anthony Gormley, an artist, to create a monument honouring Alan Turing, at King's College Cambridge.

23 Feb 2024: Harry, Steve and Bill at Udine University, Italy, February 2024. Harry Bhadeshia, Steve Ooi and Bill Clyne were at the Università degli Studi di Udine, Italy, at the kind invitation of Professor Fabio Miani. We arrived late, about 2200 h. Heading

20 Sep 2023: Sites in Taipei, Taiwan, double-helix building, September 2023. These pictures are from Harry's visit to Taiwan, generously organised by Professor Jer Ren Yang of the National Taiwan University. Harry's flight from Heathrow. Completely random pattern

26 Oct 2023: α-alumina (Sapphire). D. K. Dinkar and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Crystallography of α-alumina, which in its pure and perfect form is known as sapphire. Space group, lattice parameters. Unit cell in perspective view. The cell has the trigonal space

4 Jul 2024: Martensite and Martensitic Phase Transformations. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Evolution of martensite. A movie of martensitic transformation in Fe-0.18C-0.2Si-0.9Mn-2.9Ni-1.5Cr-0.4Mo wt% steel, using confocal laser microscopy. The time and temperature

18 Aug 2023: Visitors from Sichuan University. Professor Jiangang Wu and Dr Ting Zheng from Sichuan University visited Harry at Queen Mary University of London. They work on ferroelectrics and phase transformations. During the visit, they had the opportunity to

14 Jul 2023: Visitors from Nippon Steel and Daido Steel, Japan. On Monday morning (10th Jul), Kevin Knowles and Harry recorded a video about iron crystals from the Moon. This was followed by the arrival of Chihiro Furusho from Daido Steel in Japan. Chihiro had

7 Jul 2024: Tempered martensite embrittlement: Role of retained austenite and cementite. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia and D. V. Edmonds. Abstract. The microstructural and property changes accompanying the tempering of quenched low-alloy steels have been examined and

10 Jul 2024: Slide presentations. Automotive Steels. Bainite. POSCO Lectures on Bainite. Bainitic pipe. Cologne 2014. Percolation of phases, MST 2015. Buildings. Cast Iron. Austempered ductile cast iron. Carbides. Creep. Crystallography. Diffusion. Dispersion

14 Jun 2024: Books. Available for Free Download. The following reproduced with the permission of Dr Alan Armour, Climax Molybdenum. ... Restricted Download. Published, 2023. October 8th, 2024.

6 Jul 2024: Pure, amorphous iron. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. The review covers the difficulty in obtaining amorphous iron, the clever experiments that have produced small particles or thin films of glassy iron, together with models that estimate the

13 Sep 2023: Harry at the National Taiwan University (September 2023). Commercially viable strong steel with austenite grain size less than 0.4 μm. It is assumed that high-carbon martensite is strong but brittle. We teach therefore, that it must be somewhat

10 Sep 2023: Atomium. Atomium is designed by AndrX Waterkeyn - each ball in the body-centred cubic arrangement is about 18 m in size. The "bonds" are made of steel. The whole structure is more than 100 m tall. The crystal structure is supposed to represent iron

18 Aug 2023: Harry's induction at Indian National Science Academy. Harry was elected a Fellow in 2018 but the opportunity for a formal induction into INSA arose during a visit to New Dehli. From left to right, Professor Ashutosh Sharma (President of INSA),

24 Jun 2024: You can freely download the complete book Theory of Transformations in Steels.

4 Jul 2024: Book on bainite (electronic version available for free download). Movies about Martensite and Bainite.

21 Sep 2023: Visit to China Steel, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Harry visited China Steel (September, 2023) to deliver a talk on entitled machine learning - steels - artificial intelligence?, and then have a holiday at the southernmost tip of Taiwan. Professor Jer Ren

4 Jul 2024: Teaching Materials. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia.. Crystallography. Examination questions. Slides and Videos. Animations. Scaleable vector graphics. Metals & Alloys (year 2). Phase transformations (year 2, Queen Mary University of London). Phase

4 Jul 2024: Computer Modelling of the Yield Strength of Mixed Microstructures of Bainite and Martensite. C. H. Young and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Abstract. The strength of mixed microstructures of bainite and martensite can peak at an intermediate volume fraction

4 Jul 2024: Stainless Steels. T. Sourmail and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Introduction. Steels are said to be stainless when they resist corrosion; the is achieved by dissolving sufficient chromium in the iron to produce a coherent, adherent, insulating and

4 Jul 2024: Retained Austenite. Crystallography of Austenite. Theory and Significance of Retained Austenite in Steels. Ph.D. thesis, by Harry Bhadeshia, University of Cambridge, 1979. Reaustenitisation of some Alloy Steels. Ph.D. thesis, by Ursula Ruth Lenel,

19 Aug 2023: Broken tensile-test samples. Flat tensile test samples from a steel for composition Fe-0.07C-0.025Nb-0.025Ti wt%, rolled and coiled at 629. o. C. Images courtesy of Apparao Chinta. Geometry before deformation. The samples are 7 mm thick.