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  2. 4F13 Machine Learning: Coursework #3: Latent Dirichlet Allocation…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/2324/cw/coursework3.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: You may use the barh command. For thatmultinomial model, what is the highest and lowest possible test set log probability (for anypossible test set)? ... c) For the Bayesian model, what is the log probability for the test document with ID 2001?Explain
  3. 4F13 Machine Learning: Coursework #3: Latent Dirichlet Allocation…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/2122/cw/coursework3.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: c) For the Bayesian model, what is the log probability for the test document with ID 2001? ... Explainwhether, when computing the log probability of a test document, you would use the multinomial orthe categorical distribution function?
  4. nips.dvi

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/WilRas96.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: There is one trainingcase (x(1); t(1)) and one test case for which we wish to predict y. ... The dotted line represents an observation y1 = t(1). In the right-hand plot we seethe distribution of the output for the test case, obtained by conditioning on
  5. Leader Stochastic Gradient Descent for DistributedTraining of Deep…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/adrian/NeurIPS2019_LSGD_preprint.pdf
    19 Jun 2024: Test error for the center variableversus wall-clock time (original plot on the left and zoomed onthe right). ... Test loss is reported in Figure 13 in the Supplement. Finally, in Figure 6 we report theempirical results for ResNet50run on ImageNet.
  6. Modelling data

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/2324/modelling%20data.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: generalize from observations in the training set to new test cases(interpolation and extrapolation). • ... make predictions on test cases• interpret the trained model, what insights is the model providing?• evaluate the accuracy of model. •
  7. Modelling data

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/2122/modelling%20data.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: generalize from observations in the training set to new test cases(interpolation and extrapolation). • ... make predictions on test cases• interpret the trained model, what insights is the model providing?• evaluate the accuracy of model. •
  8. Predictive Automatic Relevance Determinationby Expectation…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/QiMinPic04a.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: The first experiment has 30 random trainingpoints and 5000 random test points with dimension200. ... The estimated predictive performance is better correlated with the test errors thanevidence and sparsity.
  9. One-network Adversarial Fairness

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/adrian/AAAI2019_OneNetworkAdversarialFairness.pdf
    19 Jun 2024: To test significance, we perform a paired t-test withsignificance level at 5%. ... Totest significance, we perform a paired t-test with significance level at 5%.
  10. mlss2003_main.dvi

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/Ras04.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: One of the primary goals computing the posterior is that it can be used tomake predictions for unseen test cases. ... n for thetraining means and analogously for the test means µ; for the covariance weuse Σ for training set covariances, Σ for
  11. 13 Feb 2023: However,it gives proper consideration to the uncertainty surrounding the test point and exactly computes themoments of the correct posterior distribution. ... 0.5log(x2(sin(2x)2)1). Figure 3: Comparison of models for suite of 6 test functions.
  12. Bayesian Inference for Efficient Learning in Control Marc Peter ...

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/DeiRas09.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Required experience: 1minute. Figure 1 shows some snapshots of a test trajectory, where the controller is trained on experiencefrom 17.5 s. •
  13. What Keeps a Bayesian Awake At Night? Part 1: Day Time · Cambridge…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/blog/2021/03/31/what-keeps-a-bayesian-awake-at-night-part-1.html
    12 Apr 2024: Examples include inferring the mass of the Higgs boson ($X$) from collider data ($D$); estimating the prevalence of Covid 19 infections ($X$) from PCR test data ($D$); or reconstructing files ($X$) ... One way to view them is as unit tests that the
  14. 4F13 Machine Learning: Coursework #2: Latent Dirichlet Allocation…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/1112/cw/coursework2.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: c) 10% : Using the model from question b), what will the test set log probability be if the testset B contains a word which is not contained in the training set ... e) 10% : What is the log probability for the test document with ID 2001?
  15. Split and Merge EM Algorithm for Improving Gaussian Mixture Density…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/UedNakGha00b.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: toimprove the likelihood of both the training data and of held-out test data. ... 2.In Fig. 2, the upper (lower) trajectory corresponds tothe training (test) data.
  16. FAST ONLINE ANOMALY DETECTION USING SCAN STATISTICS Ryan Turner ...

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/TurBotGha10.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: The compu-tational burden is small since the routine only needs to berun when configuring the test. ... We compareit to the CUSUM method, linear trend methods, and uni-formity tests.
  17. WolGha05 handout

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/papers/WolGha06.pdf
    27 Jan 2023: Now, imagine we get new information in the form of a positive blood test. ... Let us denote by B, the event that the blood test is positive.
  18. workshop_abstract.dvi

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/WilGha08.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: This experiment was designed to test the average predictiveperformance of the algorithms. ... The results are shown in table 1. Secondly, we designed an experiment to test the performance of the algorithm on new movieswith no, or few, reviews.
  19. Learning Depth From Stereo Fabian H. Sınz1, Joaquin Quiñonero ...

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/SinQuiBaketal04.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: The remaining 792 were used as test set. Classical calibration. During bundle adjustment, several camera parameterswere highly correlated with others. ... Fig. 5 shows the position error according to the test points actualdepth and according to the image
  20. - 4F13: Machine Learning

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/1011/lect04.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: Moralisation test for conditional independence. (Lauritzen et al, 1990; Cowell et al, 1999)A. ... directed mixed graphs). • Marginal and conditional independence• Markov boundaries and separation tests for independence• Plate notation.
  21. Bayesian HC research talk

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/p8-07/lect4s.ppt
    27 Jan 2023: Unlabelled Test Images: 22,000 images. For each training and test image we can store a vector of 240 binary color and texture features. ... about 0.2 sec on this laptop to query 22,000 test images.
  22. System Identification inGaussian Process Dynamical Systems Ryan…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/TurDeiRas09.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: of test data; we trainedon daily snowfall from Jan. ... We do not report results for GPDM on the real data since it was too slow to run on the large test set.
  23. Sparse Gaussian Processes using Pseudo-inputs Edward Snelson Zoubin…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/papers/nips05spgp.pdf
    27 Jan 2023: Once the inversion is done, prediction isO(N ) for thepredictive mean andO(N 2) for the predictive variance per new test case. ... We have demonstrated a significant decrease in test error over the other methods for a givensmall pseudo/active set size.
  24. AA06.dvi

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/GirRasQuiMur03.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: the density of the actual true test output under the Gaussianpredictive distribution and use its negative log as a measure of loss. ... The training and test data consist of pH values (outputsy of the process) anda control input signal (u).
  25. Large Scale Nonparametric Bayesian Inference:Data Parallelisation in…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/DosKnoMohGha09.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Initially, a largenumber of features are added, which provides improvements in the test likelihood. ... Table 2 summarises the data and shows thatall approaches had similar test-likelihood performance.
  26. Blind Justice: Fairness with Encrypted Sensitive Attributes

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/adrian/ICML18-BlindJustice.pdf
    19 Jun 2024: Figure 2 shows the test set accuracyover the constraint value. By design, the synthetic datasetexhibits a clear trade-off between accuracy and fairness. ... Biddle, D. Adverse impact and test validation: A practi-tioner’s guide to valid and defensible
  27. 2018 Formatting Instructions for Authors Using LaTeX

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/adrian/AIES18-crowd_signals.pdf
    19 Jun 2024: For training our classifiers, we use 5-fold cross-validation.In each test, the original sample is partitioned into 5 sub-samples, out of which 4 are used as training data, ... The processis then repeated 5 times, with each of the 5 sub-samplesused
  28. - 4F13: Machine Learning

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/0708/lect06.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: Constraint-Based Learning: Use statistical tests of marginal and conditionalindependence. Find the set of DAGs whose d-separation relations match theresults of conditional independence tests.
  29. paper.dvi

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/KimGha08.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Figure 1 shows the training points, test points, decision boundary from GPCand decision boundary from robust GPC. ... We created 10 pairs of training and test sets by randomlydividing the whole data set into two.
  30. Bayesian Classifier Combination Zoubin Ghahramani and Hyun-Chul Kim∗…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/papers/GhaKim03.pdf
    27 Jan 2023: Satellitehas a training set of 4435, a test set of 2000 with 6 classes and 36 variables. ... UCI digit data set has a trainingset of 3823, a test set of 1797, 10 classes and 64 variables.
  31. Manifold Gaussian Processes for Regression Roberto Calandra∗, Jan…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/CalPetRasDei16.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Additionally, for the test set, wemake use of the Negative Log Predictive Probability (NLPP). ... For training we extract 400consecutive data points, while we test on the following 500data points.
  32. Geometrically Coupled Monte Carlo Sampling Mark Rowland∗University of …

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/adrian/NeurIPS18-gcmc.pdf
    19 Jun 2024: 5.2 Variance-reduced ELBO estimation for deep generative models. In this section, we test GCMC sampling strategies on a deep generative modelling application. ... 10. Arthur Gretton, Karsten M. Borgwardt, Malte J. Rasch, Bernhard Schölkopf, and
  33. Local and global sparse Gaussian process approximations Edward…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/papers/aistats07localGP.pdf
    27 Jan 2023: The nearestblock’s GP is used to predict at a given test point. ... At test time, a test point is simply assigned tothe nearest cluster center.
  34. Randomized Nonlinear Component Analysis

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/LopSraSmo14a.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Results are statistically significantrespect to a paired Wilcoxon test on a 95% confidence inter-val. ... Figure 3. Autoencoder reconstructions of unseen test images forthe MNIST (top) and CIFAR-10 (bottom) datasets.
  35. LNCS 5342 - Outlier Robust Gaussian Process Classification

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/KimGha08a.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Figure 1 shows the training points, test points, decision boundary from GPCand decision boundary from robust GPC. ... We created 10 pairs of training and test sets by randomlydividing the whole data set into two.
  36. BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER Vol. 21 no. 16 2005, pages ...

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/ChuGhaFal05a.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Non-parametric tests,e.g. the Wilcoxon rank sum test, are superior to the t -test in this case. ... The integers in the parantheses is the total test error numberover the 10 folds.
  37. /users/joe/src/tops/dvips

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/UedNakGha00a.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: improve the likelihood of both the training dataand of held-out test data. ... The split criterion defined by equation 3.13 can be viewed as a likelihoodratio test.
  38. standalone.dvi

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/QuiRasWil07.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: test conditional: p(f|u) = N (K,uK1. u,uu, K, Q,) , (10b). ... Lower graph: assumption of conditional independencebetween training and test function values given u.
  39. Infinite Hidden Markov Models and extensions

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/talks/BayesHMMs10.pdf
    27 Jan 2023: IHMM evaluation in (Beal et al.,2002) is more elaborate: it allows the IHMM to con-tinue learning about new data encountered during test-ing. ... Subjecting theseresults to the same analysis as the artificial data re-veals similar compared test-set
  40. Variational Inference for the Indian Buffet Process Finale…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/DosMilVanTeh09.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Table 1: Running times in seconds and test log-likelihoods for the Yale Faces dataset. ... Algorithm K Time Test Log-Likelihood. 2 56 -0.7444Finite Gibbs 5 120 -0.4220.
  41. A Kernel Approach to Tractable Bayesian Nonparametrics

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/HusLac11.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: We foundthat kst outperformed both competing methods sig-nificantly (p < 0.01, two sample T-test). ... 3. As measureof performance, we used average confusion, i. e. thefraction of misclassified test images.
  42. Recent Advanced in Causal Modelling Using Directed Graphs

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/SALD/scheines.ppt
    27 Jan 2023: Can be applied to distributions where tests of conditional independence are known, but scores aren’t. ... 2) X1 - X2 into X2. Test. Test Conditions. X3. X2.
  43. PILCO: A Model-Based and Data-Efficient Approach to Policy Search

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/DeiRas11.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: 3)–(5). Doing this properlyrequires mapping uncertain test inputs through theGP dynamics model. ... b) Histogram (after 1,000 test runs)of the distances of the flywheel frombeing upright.
  44. 13 Feb 2023: Secondly, our empirical results (see Section 3)indicate, that the test set performance is simply not good. ... Table 1. Average log test densities over 10 random splits of the data.
  45. Prediction on Spike DataUsing Kernel Algorithms Jan Eichhorn, Andreas …

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/EicTolZieetal04.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Finallywe train the best model on these four folds and compute an independent test error on theremaining fold. ... Table 1 Mean test error and standard error on the low contrast dataset.
  46. 13 Feb 2023: the test log-likelihood on a symmetric logscale as the discrepancy is very large. ... Test MSE on real-world regression problems (lower isbetter). 5.2. Approximation quality.
  47. 13 Feb 2023: Figure 8(a) shows test set log likelihoods for 10 ran-dom divisions of the data into training and test sets. ... test. dat. a. SFAAFA NS. FA. Fig 9. Test set log likelihoods on Prostate cancer dataset from Yu et al.
  48. Scaling the Indian Buffet Process via Submodular Maximization

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/ReeGha13a.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: aibp. t-aibp. f-vibpi-vibp. seconds. test. log-likelihood ugibbs. t-ugibbs. t-aibp. aibp. bnmf. ... test. log-likelihood. Piano. meibp. ugibbs. aibp. bnmf. f-vibp. i-vibp. 103 104 1054.95.
  49. Inferring a measure of physiological age frommultiple ageing related…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/KnoParGlaWin11.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: Table 2: Hold out test. Values are log10(p) where p is the p-value for the Spearman rank correlationhypothesis test. ... The results are shown in Figure 2.2, where we are also able to include binary variables unlikefor the Spearman test.
  50. MODEL BASED LEARNING OF SIGMA POINTS IN UNSCENTED KALMAN ...

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/pdf/TurRas10.pdf
    13 Feb 2023: 11). 2If we want to integrate the parameters out we must run the UKF witheach sample of θ|y1:T during test and average. ... 6.5. Computational Complexity. The UKF-L, UKF, and EKF have test set computationaltime O(DT(D2 M)).
  51. 4F13 Machine Learning: Coursework #4: Reinforcement Learning Zoubin…

    https://mlg.eng.cam.ac.uk/teaching/4f13/0910/cw/coursework4.pdf
    19 Nov 2023: Test yourvalueIteration algorithm.

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