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25 Nov 2014: The purchase of some printed items is zero-rated whilst others are standard rated. Since May 2020, electronic versions may also be zero-rated, with a small number of exceptions.

25 Nov 2014: From 1 Jan 2021 Following the end of the Brexit Transition Period sales to customers in the EC are treated in a similar manner to those to customers in the rest of the world. Please see the Import Export Hub for current information.

25 Nov 2014: Where services are supplied to individuals outside the EC the following type of sales will be zero-rated, and the VAT code 'RS - Services to ROW' should be used when raising an invoice on UFS.

25 Nov 2014: From 1 Jan 2021 Following the end of the Brexit Transition Period sales to customers in the EC are treated in a similar manner to those to customers in the rest of the world. Please see the Import Export Hub for current information.

25 Nov 2014: In addition to the main supply of education, exemption is also available for income received from supplies which are closely related to the supply of education and which are supplied either: directly to the student; or to another University The term

25 Nov 2014: When the University receives income from a sponsor for research the money should be allocated to a specific research grant and routed through the Research Operations Office. Income in relation to other types of grants may be paid direct into a

25 Nov 2014: An area that often causes confusion is bench fees. These are payments made to the University for use of the facilities which may include the use of consumables within a lab.

25 Nov 2014: VAT is a tax on consumer expenditure. It is charged on goods and services which fall within the scope of VAT. When deciding whether something attracts VAT we have to identify: If the transaction is within the scope of VAT; and If so, which rate of

25 Nov 2014: Standard rate sales Anything that doesn't fall into the categories of being outside the scope, exempt, zero-rate or reduced-rate is standard rated. It is not possible to produce a list of all standard rated items as it is any goods or services which

25 Nov 2014: When the University receives donations or contributions they are outside the scope of VAT as there is no supply. These types of income are where the contributor/donor gives the money for no return of goods or services from the University i.e. the