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8 Sep 2001: Economics. If possible, avoid cutting! A surprising number of designs involve a cutting process followed by a joining process.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The production cycle is slow: usually only 1-5 castings can be made an hour, depending on the size. ... Although the setup costs are low, the low manual production rate means that only batch sizes of up to 50 are economic; this can rise to a

8 Sep 2001: In addition to these processes, there are a variety of "hot processes" such as welding and brazing which can often provide stronger and more economic joints for metal parts.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. To reduce costs, several parts are often moulded together on a "tree-like" structure; parts can then be separated after moulding. ... Injection moulding is only economic for batches of 10,000 - 100,000 or more and so is usually automated.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. On an industrial scale, the wear on grinding equipment is significant and this adds greatly to the cost.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. Production rates and costs strongly depend on the type of process and the size of component.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. Basic equipment costs around £10,000, but automation can increase this significantly.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. Production rate is limited by the insertion and removal of the blank, so some form of automation is often used.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. It is normal to try to reduce the amount of drilling required in a component by careful design - but when an accurate hole is required, drilling has little competition.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The machinery is expensive, and can cost well over £100,000. ... Because of the high capital cost, the process is only economic for batches of 100,000+.