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10 Oct 2007: Only 0.3% improvement wasobtained on this test set. 3See http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk/docs/cuhtk.shtml4Significance tests were carried out using the NIST Scoring Toolkit. ... These systems wereevaluated on thedev03 andeval03 test sets, each consistingof 3

3 May 2007: This was significantlybetter at a 95% confidence level using a pair-wise significance test. ... On both test sets the new form of model performed significantly better than standardHMMs.

23 Apr 2007: In iterative MLLR, a transform isestimated using the 1-Best hypothesis of the test data assupervision. ... However, in some applications, test data becomesavailable gradually. Incremental inference is often used.

16 Nov 2007: 89. LIST OF FIGURES xiv. 7.3 Word error rate for the 1200 utterance test data against the number of hypothe-. ... Oracle: 1.18 (test), 0.08 (train). Idiot: 63.43 (test), 52.45 (train). 95.

16 Nov 2007: data to build HMMs system with the same acoustic conditions as the test data. ... to compensate for the mismatch between training and test conditions by modifying the model.

10 Oct 2007: For theBN test set, cross-adaptation in either direction gave gains of about0.5% absolute over the best individual system. ... The first half of this test set was used for tuning the translation.

25 May 2007: Wetherefore also test a 2D colour map in which strain is indicated by intensity, and a colour (red inour example) is introduced to indicate precision.

22 Feb 2007: known phone boundaries) perfor-mance on the TIMIT core test set is shown in table II. ... of alanguage model (tests on MMI HMMs suggest that this mayyield a gain of up to 0.5% absolute).

22 Feb 2007: Require good generalisation– Can reduce training set error rate: need to reduce test-set errors!– Need to keep gains with large numbers of parameters– Need to increase “confusable” data for training– ... simple ASR systems - larger gains–

30 May 2007: known phone boundaries) perfor-mance on the TIMIT core test set is shown in table II. ... of alanguage model (tests on MMI HMMs suggest that this mayyield a gain of up to 0.5% absolute).