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14 Aug 2023: Published by. Nuffield Council on Bioethics28 Bedford SquareLondon WC1B 3JS. Telephone: 020 7681 9619Email: bioethics@nuffieldbioethics.orgWebsite: http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org. September 2016. Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2016. All rights

14 Aug 2023: DETAILS. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: The future creditor states, by contrast, were mostly following policies of ‘endogenous’ or industry-led growth which depended on targeted investment in capital goods, public support for training and labour force

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: The future creditor states, by contrast, were mostly following policies of ‘endogenous’ or industry-led growth which depended on targeted investment in capital goods, public support for training and labour force

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: And this is in turn determined by environmental (exogenous) factors as much as by internal (endogenous) ones./p pIf the external environment is changing rapidly then mutations (innovations) might also be

6 Feb 2023: The future creditor states, by contrast, were mostly following policies of ‘endogenous’ or industry-led growth which depended on targeted investment in capital goods, public support for training and labour force

14 Aug 2023: native promoters has a higher probability of expressing the. transgene in the appropriate tissue and at endogenous. ... turbed by intense illumination and this effect is increased in. cells expressing an IFP, suggesting that both endogenous.

14 Aug 2023: gene trap patterns accurately reflect endogenous gene ex-pression (reviewed in Bellen, 1999). ... In contrast, gene traps are quite likely to accu-rately reflect endogenous gene expression.

14 Aug 2023: Third, we demonstrated the endogenous regeneration of nucleoside triphosphates and synthesis of pyruvate in cell-free systems (CFSs) based on phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) and maltodextrin (MDX).

14 Aug 2023: 26] P.H. Rubery, Phytotropins: receptors and endogenous ligands, SympSoc Exp Biol 44 (1990) 119–146.

14 Aug 2023: Focus Review. The march of the PINs: developmental plasticityby dynamic polar targeting in plant cells. Wim Grunewald1,2 and Jiřı́ Friml1,2,1Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Gent,Belgium and 2Department of Plant

14 Aug 2023: For example, only overexpression of an ARF7 variant with both of itsPB1 faces mutated caused constitutive activation of an AuxRE-dependent reporter gene in arf7protoplasts, which suggests that endogenous AUX/IAA ... In agreement, the severe auxin-related

14 Aug 2023: Hence, high cellular auxin levels stall endogenous synthesis, andlower auxin levels (as occur, for example, in yuc mutants or upon pharmacological inhibition ofYUC activity) lift transcriptional repression and elevate cellular auxin

14 Aug 2023: 2009) used nano-LC-MS/MS to identify an endogenous form of CLAVATA3 that is 13amino acids long and is arabinosylated at hydroxyproline 7.

14 Aug 2023: tumefaciens and promoted by MPEF1α. MPEF1α is an endogenous M. polymorpha promoter active from early in development, and its use can lead to high transformation efficiency.

14 Aug 2023: al. 2009). This decrease in the contentof endogenous boron could be associated with a reductionof water uptake by the roots, because initially BA is takenup from the soil in a passive

14 Aug 2023: 1990) Transcriptional. analysis of endogenous and foreign genes in chloroplast transformantsof Chlamydomonas.

14 Aug 2023: Enhancertraps have been used to indicate the presence ofnearby endogenous enhancer elements drivingan orthogonal transcriptional activator such asGAL4-VP16. ... the endogenous enhancer (Johnson et al. 2005;Laplaze et al. 2005; Gardner et al.

14 Aug 2023: Overexpression of ARA-BIDILLO protein fragments reduces lateral root formation, pos-sibly by competing for endogenous ARABIDILLO-interactingproteins. ... wouldinhibit the degradation of target inhibitor(s) by blocking the inter-action of endogenous

14 Aug 2023: maintaining and tracking therelationships between the endogenous sequences and the engin-eered parts. ... strict. order: promoter—50UTR—CDS—30UTR—terminator. This ap-proach allows us to represent gene sequences in a modularfashion, maintaining

14 Aug 2023: In contrast, the endogenous AaEf1a promoter is more strongly expressed in new grown tissue of the Oxford isolate (Frangedakis et al., 2021d), which we hypothesise to be more susceptible to.

14 Aug 2023: interact with the endogenous yeast response regulator Ypd1 in the absence of Ypd1’s normal sensor kinase partner, Sln1 (Inoue et al., 2001).

14 Aug 2023: sequences (UAS). The construct is randomly located in the. genome and reports the activity of endogenous enhancer.

14 Aug 2023: Third, we demonstrated the endogenous regeneration of nucleoside triphosphates and synthesis ofpyruvate in cell-free systems (CFSs) based on phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) and maltodextrin (MDX). ... Third, we found that endogenous biosynthesis of

14 Aug 2023: Lateral root initiation, which takes place in thepericycle cells facing xylem poles, is regulated byexogenous and endogenous signals (Malamy, 2005).Different experiments were performed to test whetherpericycle cell specification was modified

14 Aug 2023: April 2019Vol. 222. No. 1ISSN 0028-646X. www.newphytologist.com. Methods. Loop assembly: a simple and open system for recursivefabrication of DNA circuits. Bernardo Pollak1 , Ariel Cerda2,3, Mihails Delmans1, Sim!on! Alamos4, Tom!as Moyano2,3,

14 Aug 2023: When the bcd 38 UTR is injected into early em-bryos, it recruits the endogenous Staufen into ribonu-cleoprotein particles that localize to the astral microtu-bules, supporting the observation that

14 Aug 2023: Endogenous plant hormones are thought to play major roles in actinorhizal nodule organogenesis.

14 Aug 2023: a–d) Auxin-responsive IAA2:GUS reporter13,31 expression in (a, b) wild-type (WT) and (c, d) axr3-1 backgrounds in response to endogenous (a, c) and external 50 µM

14 Aug 2023: A map of KNAT gene expression in the Arabidopsis root. Elisabeth Truernit1, Kirby R. Siemering1,2, Sarah Hodge1,3, Vojislava Grbic1,4 and JimHaseloff1,1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA, Downing Site, Cambridge , UK

14 Aug 2023: These lines expressed GFP under thecontrol of endogenous enhancers, depending on theinsertion of the enhancer-trap construct into the plantgenome.

14 Aug 2023: Reduction of endogenous GA levels bytreating wild-type seedlings with Paclobutrazol (PAC, aninhibitor of GA biosynthesis [14]) results in a reduced rootgrowth rate (Figure S1A).

14 Aug 2023: sults demonstrate that FEZ activity is sufficient to reorient the. cell division plane, even outside the endogenous region of FEZ.

14 Aug 2023: Among the regulatorychallenges posed by these approaches is thepossibility that DNA from genetically engineeredmicrobes may spread to endogenous membersof the microbiota through natural horizontal.

14 Aug 2023: PMpHSP17.8 lines of M. polymorpha were generated, which expressed mVenus yellow fluores-cent protein (YFP) [52] under control the endogenous heat-responsive MpHSP17.8 promoter.

14 Aug 2023: E. coli cells were programmed to respond to a deleterious endogenous input — spe-cifically, DNA-damaging stimuli, such as ultraviolet radiation or mitomycin C. ... Similar to the ‘antiswitch’ framework (and with the same technical challenges),

14 Aug 2023: 1990) Transcriptional. analysis of endogenous and foreign genes in chloroplast transformantsof Chlamydomonas.

14 Aug 2023: The system was also tested in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus cells for activating endogenous loci47. ... For example, CRISPRi modulates. transcription at the TSSs of endogenous genes; there-fore, it is difficult to

14 Aug 2023: 1). The study of natural DNA re-pair pathways in bacteria and yeast, as well asthe mechanisms of DNA recombination (1–5),revealed that cells have endogenous machin-ery to repair ... The lack of CRISPR-Cas systems in eu-karyotes is an important

14 Aug 2023: by improving supply of GGPP through overexpression of a fu-sion gene of FPP synthase (ERG20) and endogenous GGPP syn-thase (BTS1) (Zhou et al., 2012), whereas Dai et al. ... ACS Synth Biol2014;3:307–13. Culler SJ, Hoff KG, Smolke CD Reprogramming

14 Aug 2023: Through additional overexpression of some. endogenous genes, the final engineered strain produced17.2 mg per L protopanaxadiol, 15.9 mg per L protopanaxatrioland 21.4 mg per L oleanolic acid. ... dendrorhousand the soil bacterium Pantoea ananatis, and

14 Aug 2023: E. coli cells were programmed to respond to a deleterious endogenous input — spe-cifically, DNA-damaging stimuli, such as ultraviolet radiation or mitomycin C. ... Similar to the ‘antiswitch’ framework (and with the same technical challenges),

14 Aug 2023: For correspondence: sebastian. maerkl@epfl.ch. †These authors contributed. equally to this work. Competing interest: See. page 16. Funding: See page 16. Received: 29 June 2015. Accepted: 01 October 2015. Published: 05 October 2015. Reviewing editor

14 Aug 2023: By flanking an endogenous sequence withorthogonal recognition sites from two different recombinasesor two orthogonal sites recognized by the same recombinase,the sequence may be replaced by a synthetic donor constructcontaining compatible