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20 Feb 2018: increases. Pop op-erations are then performed where possible, the tree is prunedand identical nodes are joined so that the number stays constantor decreases. ... Error bars indicate 99% con-fidence intervals. This demonstrates the competitiveness of the

20 Feb 2018: 5]. Here, we address the problem ofdecision-making. Moving from a limited domain dialogue system that op-erates on a relatively modest ontology to an open domain. ... 5. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP. In order to examine the ability of the proposed method to

20 Feb 2018: The op-tions for each random decision point are reason-able in the context in which it is encountered, buta uniform distribution of outcomes might not re-flect real user behaviour. ... Many of the decisions involvedare deterministic, allowing only one

20 Feb 2018: A comparison between the three op-tions is included in the experimental evaluation. ... whilst suffering initially.We hypothesise that the optimised SL pre-trainedparameters distributed very differently to the op-timal A2C ER parameters.

20 Feb 2018: 4.4 Conversational patterns. Given that the subjects felt the change of cognitiveload when they were talking to the system and op-erating the car simulator at the same time, we

20 Feb 2018: The ex-perimental results show that the policy op-timised in a restaurant search domain us-ing our domain-independent representa-tions can be deployed to a laptop sale do-main,

20 Feb 2018: the Q-function estimatewe expect during the process of learning and H is a linear op-erator that captures the reward lookahead from the Q-function(see Eq.

20 Feb 2018: 4.2 Log-Linear Interpolation. Log-linear interpolation has been applied to languagemodel adaptation and has been shown to be equivalentto a constrained minimum Kullback-Leibler distance op-timisation problem(Klakow,

20 Feb 2018: By op-timising directly against the desired objective func-tion such as BLEU score (Auli and Gao, 2014) orWord Error Rate (Kuo et al., 2002), the model canexplore its output space

20 Feb 2018: Hence defining an op-timal summary policy is not so obvious. If f is chosenwell, however, then one could hope that the optimal ac-tion is dependent only on f (b).