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8 Jul 2004: Fibre-reinforced-polymers versus steel in concrete bridges: Structural design and economic viability. ... Thus if a bridge is to be repaired the speed rather than the material cost is of economic importance.

20 Jul 2004: 1. AAACCCMMMBBBSSS MMMCCCAAAPPPCCC IV. ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF STRUCTURES WITH FRP REINFORCEMENT AND PRESTRESS. ... In this paper methods to study the economics of those materials are presented and conclusions on their viability in bridges are drawn.

20 Jul 2004: It is also unlikely that AFRP or CFRP will be economic for flexure. ... Bent pultrusions, however, will never be economic. 4.4 Internal confinement for compression.

13 Jul 2005: To ensure the most efficient use of limited economic resources, it is important that such actions are only undertaken on those bridges which actually need intervention.

2 Dec 1998: From the work carried out in this study, it can be concluded that composite space truss bridges with profiled steel sheeting and GRP enclosures can provide safe, economic solutions to the

5 May 2005: This increase has been based on the flexibility and better economic performance offered by venues featuring retractable roofs compared to those with traditional fixed roofs.

11 Jul 2007: Even placing some form of traffic or weight restriction on a strategic bridge can impose a substantial economic burden on a community. ... 204. 7 ONCLUSIONS. There is clearly an economic imperative to refin and extend the current methods of analysis used

11 Jul 2007: Microzonation study). Casualty model. Loss estimation:Damage states, casualties,. direct economic losses.

8 May 2002: resistance is critical to the safe and economic design of pipelines (Schaminee et al, 1990). ... density. The economics of these alternatives may demonstrate that better design and more efficient.

9 Aug 2004: There could be significant economic consequences if these structures cannot be strengthened as the only other options are weight restrictions or complete replacement.

11 Jul 2007: Failure of these structures causes great economic losses, serious impediment to post-earthquake emergency operations and long-lasting disruption of social and economic life.

12 Oct 2010: Economic Viability of FRP Prestressed Concrete Structures - Complete . Fibre Reinforced Polymers and aramid ropes have been identified as suitable materials for reinforcing and prestressing concrete. ... The problem appears to be economic, but this

4 Oct 2011: Submitted to ACI Structural Journal. Balafas I. and Burgoyne C.J., Economics of beams reinforced and prestressed with FRP. ... Burgoyne C.J., Does FRP have an economic future?, Invited Keynote Paper, 4th Conf on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges

29 Feb 2000: Even placing some form of traffic or weight restriction on a strategic bridge can impose a substantial economic burden on a community. ... What does failure actually mean in an elastic analysis and what are the consequences of such a failure in terms of

22 Nov 2004: A better understanding of this soil-structure interaction problem is urgently needed so that safe and economic designs can be achieved.

24 Aug 2001: John D McKinley, Cambridge University. Geotechnical Engineering Group. Abstract. Civil Engineers have used grouted ground anchors to transmit tensile loads into the soil because of the technique’s economic and practical

31 Mar 2004: Site response analysis for the layered soil also showed that there was visible advantage of using a 2D non -linear program over 1D program, as this would enable an economic design.

26 Mar 2010: But bent pultrusions will never be economic. 4.4 Internal confinement for compression. ... So the economic viability of a design depends crucially on whose costs are taken into account.

9 Sep 2014: social and economic sustainability and tertiary impacts, and the lack of transferrable. ... sustainability assessments which improves existing sustainability assessment. methods by incorporating social and economic sustainability as well as providing.

11 Jul 2007: This includes consideration of appropriateness and suitability for intended use, the implications of manufacture, visual suitability and environmental responsibility and fitness for the structural life; all being commensurate with economic resource

19 Mar 2010: Doubt in the extrapolation. method can thus have a very real economic effect and can.

31 Aug 2001: Is this because thetechnology is wrong? Are the economics wrong? Are engineers too conservative? ... There will thus need to be research before economic designrules can be introduced.

4 Aug 2010: 2] I. Balafas, 2003. Fibre-reinforced-polymers vs steel in concrete bridges: structuraldesign and economic viability.

10 Sep 2003: We allknow that engineers should have a knowledgeof economics, but Phillips made an enormouscontribution and showed that economists couldlearn much from engineering!

8 Apr 2011: This directly affects the economics of the application, and because of uncertainty about the long-term properties can lead to very high factors of safety being applied. ... Doubt about the extrapolation method can have a very real economic effect and can

26 Mar 2010: FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS – STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES,. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS. Chris BURGOYNE Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK Keywords: economics, strengths, weakness, applications, design. ... So once again we are being forced

20 Mar 2000: ture for changes in use [5]. It wasrecognised early in the work that car-bon fibre is not economic when viewedon the basis of the material cost. ... time.Similarly, the use of GFRP compositesfor complete structures is proving tobe economic when there are

9 Nov 2001: Would. such a bridge be economic? It is made from a rectangular block. ... metallic materials, requirements and economic appli-. cations. Proceedings of the 2nd International RILEM.

22 Aug 2001: particularly for the shallow penetration mechanism. 2 5. Acknowledgement. This study was made possible by the financial support of the European Economic.

11 Jul 2007: Yield line analysis was adopted by the Danish concrete code, and introduced into the curriculum at the Technical University of Denmark.

15 May 2014: incorporating this uncertainty in the design and economic evaluation of full-size (i.e.

3 Feb 2004: The engineer can then design the reinforcement in the twodirections, and to be economic, he curtails the reinforcement assoon as possible, so that the resistance moment follows veryclosely the applied moment.

22 Mar 2010: The decision to make the bridge continuous was a late amendment to the design, and apparently taken on economic grounds since it allowed the new cables to pass from one

27 Mar 2010: The test further shows that the use of FRP to make confining spirals is a very economic use of the fibre, with only a small amount of fibre providing a very

2 Aug 2011: Introduction. Upheaval Buckling. Failure of an oil or gas pipeline has serious economic and envi-ronmental consequences.

25 Apr 2005: Uncertainty in the extrapolation method can thusa very real economic cost and can mean that a less suitablterial is used simply because there is more certainty aboproperties.

26 Mar 2005: A stage will be reached where the economic point (A on Fig.5) moves outside the physical limits of the beam; Guyon (1951a) denoted thelimiting condition as the critical span.

11 Jul 2007: shear strength. • To avoid steel congestion and make an economic use of transverse reinforcement, spirals.

3 May 2010: Keynote lecture presented at Geotechnical Challenges in Urban Regeneration, the 11th International Conference of the DFI-EFFC, London, 26-28 May 2010. PREDICTING AND CONTROLLING GROUND MOVEMENTS. AROUND DEEP EXCAVATIONS. Malcolm D. Bolton, Sze Yue

22 Jun 2003: 1. Author’s contact details: R. J. Lock, Graduate Engineer, Arup, 13 Fitzroy Street,. London W1T 4BQ, UK (e-mail: beccy.lock@arup.com). Academic Supervisor: Professor Malcolm Bolton, Schofield Centre, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0EL,

12 Oct 2006: These results, if confirmed for a wider range of pile sizesand ground conditions, suggest that there may be potentialfor the high stiffness of jacked piles to be exploited formore economic foundation