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18 Oct 2021: m. B. 1. /. 3. (5.200). Notice that this power of.

12 Jun 2021: 7. Special Relativity. Although Newtonian mechanics gives an excellent description of Nature, it is not uni-. versally valid. When we reach extreme conditions — the very small, the very heavy or. the very fast — the Newtonian Universe that

18 Oct 2021: 2 Free Fields. 2 Free Fields. “The career of a young theoretical physicist consists of treating the harmonic oscillator in ever-increasing levels of abstraction.”. Sidney Coleman. 2.1 Canonical Quantization. In quantum mechanics, canonical

23 Apr 2021: characteristic scale of the strong interactions, QCD 200 MeV. Three of the quarks have masses smaller than QCD. ... QCD 200 MeV than to mup and mdown, which are a few MeV.

7 Jun 2021: 2 A First Look at Quantum Fields. In this section we look in more detail at some of the key features of quantum fields. and their interactions. We illustrate these properties with the simplest quantum force,. electromagnetism. Or, to give it its

16 Oct 2021: 4 The Einstein Equations. 4 The Einstein Equations. It is now time to do some physics. The force of gravity is mediated by a gravitational field. The glory of general relativity is that this field is identified with a metric. g. μ. ν. (. x. ). on

25 Feb 2021: 4. The Einstein Equations. It is now time to do some physics. The force of gravity is mediated by a gravitational. field. The glory of general relativity is that this field is identified with a metric gµ(x). on a 4d Lorentzian manifold that we call

18 Apr 2021: 3. Structure Formation. Until now, we have discussed a universe which is perfectly homogeneous and isotropic. But that is not the universe we live in. Instead, our universe contains interesting objects. which clump together, bound by the

18 Oct 2021: 3 Structure Formation. 3 Structure Formation. Until now, we have discussed a universe which is perfectly homogeneous and isotropic. But that is not the universe we live in. Instead, our universe contains interesting objects which clump together,

19 Apr 2021: The Chinese (c. 200 BCE), buying& selling, taxes. Diophantus (c. 200-c.284)solution to 4 = 4x 20 is ‘absurd’!