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8 May 2009: regions at the 50 and 30 ends of an mRNAendo-siRNA endogenous siRNA a short RNA (other than an miRNA) that is derived from the host genome,. ... InArabidopsis, more than half the endogenous siRNAsare derived from heterochromatic sequence, and a thirdof

30 Aug 2012: 1994 Retroviruses ininvertebrates: the gypsy retrotransposon is apparently. an infectious retrovirus of Drosophila melanogaster. ... B (2012). 2000 Life cycle of an endogenous retrovirus, ZAM, inDrosophila melanogaster.

26 Apr 2016: Standard curve anal-ysis was carried out and normalised to an Actin endogenous control. ... Results indicated that when comparedto Actin endogenous control there is 22 times more Wolbachia (S5 Fig), suggesting a densityof at least 100% with more than one

22 Jul 2016: Never-theless, endogenous piRNAs also have been identified in varioussomatic tissues from fly, mouse, and macaque, as well as in mos-quito head and thorax (22, 23).The piRNA pathway was ... Although one study hasreported the presence of endogenous

10 Nov 2015: endogenous cytokine rather than directlyto pathogen molecules (see below; Leulier and Lemaitre2008).

4 Feb 2011: Recent and Recurrent Selective Sweeps of the Antiviral RNAiGene Argonaute-2 in Three Species of Drosophila. Darren J. Obbard,,1,2 Francis M. Jiggins,3 Nicholas J. Bradshaw,4 and Tom J. Little1,2. 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of

30 Oct 2009: Quantifying Adaptive Evolution in the DrosophilaImmune SystemDarren J. Obbard1, John J. Welch1, Kang-Wook Kim1,2, Francis M. Jiggins3. 1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Animal

9 Aug 2017: atpDQALL_R: 50-AATCCTTTATGAGCTTTTGC-30) relative to the. endogenous Drosophila control gene RpL32 (species-specific primers;. ... GGTTT-30; reverse: 50-CTTGAACCATGGCCTTTTG-30) relative to the. endogenous control gene RpL32 (species-specific primers;

2 Jul 2015: For carcasses and testes, the amount of the Wolba-chia gene atpD (atpDQALL_F: 5’-CCTTATCTTAAAGGAGGAAA-3’; atpDQALL_R: 5’-AATCCTTTATGAGCTTTTGC-3’) relative to the endogenous control gene actin 5C (Forwardprimer:

19 Sep 2014: using the GoScript Reverse Transcription System (Promega) with. random primers. Host gene expression and the Wolbachia densitywere measured relative to the endogenous control gene actin 5C(Table S3) using the SensiFAST