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11 Jul 2007: This approach is quite understandable for design where a certain degree of conservativeness costs relatively little. ... 204. 7 ONCLUSIONS. There is clearly an economic imperative to refin and extend the current methods of analysis used for.

11 Jul 2007: Failure of these structures causes great economic losses, serious impediment to post-earthquake emergency operations and long-lasting disruption of social and economic life.

28 Aug 2007: The organisers would like to thank Parsons Brinckerhoff, Atkins, The Happold Trust, Cobras, Trinity College, and Emmanuel College for contributing to the costs of holding the symposium and publishing the proceedings.

29 Nov 2007: The high construction cost means that it is important to predict the minimum required burial depth to generate sufficient uplift resistance.

2 Jul 2007: You want to maximise the different between the cost and the value added. ... Cost. (£million). Value Added (£million). Roof Type. Individuality. Ability to save energy on lighting.

26 Aug 2007: Total cost £10,000. Upgraded for 1991 World Cup by a new heated system of hot water pipes. ... Roof Covering. Optimise the value you are adding to the stadium above the cost.

2 Jul 2007: Flexibility and cost. The type of roof chosen for a stadium has a massive impact of the flexibility of that venue. ... The most cost effective design is a Fixed Covering Cantilever Roof with a Roll-In Roll-Out pitch and translucent covering.

11 Jul 2007: The choice of structural type for the Towers reputedly resulted from the client pressure to minimise the construction cost and maximise the speed of construction. ... all the cost effectiveness, quality etc.

11 Jul 2007: assumes, NZS 3101) would have reduced the damage (and perhaps fatalities) by 80% at an extra cost of 1% to 2% of the total cost of the building.

25 Jul 2007: Further, should it prove necessary to strengthen them, a practical, cost-effective strengthening strategy was sought.

11 Jul 2007: shear strength. • To avoid steel congestion and make an economic use of transverse reinforcement, spirals.

2 Apr 2007: Additionally each edge has an associated cost crepresenting, their relative weighting. ... Therefore they are equally weighted – in other wordsall edges have unit cost.

11 Jul 2007: Microzonation study). Casualty model. Loss estimation:Damage states, casualties,. direct economic losses.

11 Jul 2007: A fundamental requirement for the cost-effective and safe management of existing structures is an understanding of their load capacity, particularly if they are to be subjected to modified and typically

11 Jul 2007: This includes consideration of appropriateness and suitability for intended use, the implications of manufacture, visual suitability and environmental responsibility and fitness for the structural life; all being commensurate with economic resource

2 Jul 2007: With this new design it is essential to know how much material has been used as this will have a direct impact on the cost of the structure.

7 May 2007: However,this comes at the cost of a larger number of function evaluations.