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11 Dec 2023: The target for adaptive regression trees is to minimize mse in test data6. ... For causal treesthe infeasible test data mse is mseτ (Ste,Sest, Π) 1Nte.

9 Jul 2023: development: the economic effects of industrial relations laws in middle-income countries’, in M. ... 19 . Deakin, S. and Wilkinson, F. (1991) ‘Labour law, social security and economic inequality’ Cambridge Journal of Economics, 15: 125-148.

9 Jul 2023: T-test on break between 1983 and 1984. 084 (.018). 037 (.019) -.000 (.029). ... Griliches, Zvi. “Market Value, R&D, and Patents.” Economic Letters, 1981, 7, pp.

7 Dec 2023: The test results confirmed cointegration of both prices and suggested a break date in the middle of 2006. ... As expected, the stochastic trend component exhibits a significant departure from zero starting in the middle of 2006.

8 Dec 2023: The primary economic problem was an issue of scarcity occurring from a demand shock. ... 12. Income elasticity estimates the responsiveness of oil demand to economic growth rate.

6 Dec 2023: efficiency scores as the choice of disposability assumption. 5.3 Rank-sum test. ... 18. Table 7: Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test Statistic. Group 1 Group 2 Models.

9 Jul 2023: 5. promoting economic efficiency, and/or whether privatisation is an appropriate tool to. ... exporting countries (and/or OPEC members) in the Middle East or Latin America.

8 Dec 2023: they opposed cutting output and intended to defend market share (Middle East Economic. ... high, and that oil prices would not fall far for long (Middle East Economic Survey, 2014).

9 Jul 2023: These include sweeping land reforms, higher initial education, and massive economic and military aid/assistance. ... Like the primary enrolment, subsequently similar trends witnessed the middle, high schools and tertiary education.

9 Jul 2023: impact on specified categories of assets, liabilities and economic business sectors, and a. ... sophistication of that particular event, and the political and economic consequences, was unexpected.

8 Dec 2023: 2. Coordinating economics exchanges: The role of contracts and markets. The economic literature points out to two major organisational forms that support exchanges between economic agents: (i) markets and (ii) vertical ... Choosing an organisational form

8 Dec 2023: economic variables of each economy (real GDP, inflation, real exchange rate, short and. ... of the test at 3.95, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.

9 Jul 2023: Comparisons of economic output loss with costs of past damage to the built environment are not an exact equivalence for a validation test, but it provides indicative benchmarks to calibrate model ... Figure 13: Sensitivity test improving both the

9 Jul 2023: conviction. He changed the direction of the department’s research towards. applied economics and economic policy. ... way of doing economics from the pages of the Economic Journal after he.

9 Jul 2023: We test these arguments using a new dataset on IMF conditionality from 1985-2014. ... Model 3 includes additional variables related to demographics, economic integration, and resource endowments (X2).

7 Dec 2023: 1Corresponding author. Department of Economics, Institute of Energy Economics, University of Cologne, Vogelsanger Str. ... They control for some110socio-economic characteristics for three income groups: lower, middle and top income deciles.

9 Jul 2023: contracts are responsible for economic failure in general and for agricultural failure in particular. ... Agrarian Crisis? The preceding documents the eroding economic sustainability of African peasant agriculture.

11 Dec 2023: 3. consequences. Our research contributes to the energy economics literature in several ways. ... destination clauses since they no longer retained their economic rationale in mature wholesale gas markets.

8 Dec 2023: Another test would be the netback value of gas used to manufacture and export fertilizers or LNG, fully accounting for the investment costs needed). ... Chao, H-P and R. Wilson, 1987. Priority Service: Pricing, Investment, and Market Organization,

9 Jul 2023: we report the results of tests investigating links between legal origin and levels. ... port market-based economic activities. From the perspective of new institu-. tional economics, legal rules support market exchange by specifying property.