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25 Feb 2002: Material processing. Local resources. A process encyclopedia containing details on how processes work as well as useful selection information such as possible materials, shapes, economics etc.

25 Feb 2002: Processing information. A process encyclopedia containing details on how processes work as well as useful selection information such as possible materials, shapes, economics etc.

28 Jan 2000: Economics. We've already ruled out machining on cost grounds. Can any of the other processes be ruled out because of cost? ... We're going to want to make millions of pins, so we need a process with an appropriate economic batch size.

4 Sep 2001: It is not economic to use standard processes such as turning - so another approach is needed.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. Milling machines vary in price from £1,000 to £1,000,000. Milling is generally a very slow way to produce a component - but it can be economic for prototyping

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The machinery is expensive, and can cost well over £100,000 for HIPing. ... Because there is little competition, can be economic for small batches (1,000+) - although still not cheap!

20 Jan 2000: Even so, it is possible to generate a range of economic batch sizes for which a process is normally cost-effective. ... finding trained operators. environmental considerations. will all affect the choice of the most economic process.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. For making stock items, rolling has few competitors.For this reason, it is usually performed by the foundries before passing on to customers for further processing. ... For long shaped sections, rolling is the only viable option for larger

12 Mar 2002: Even so, it is possible to generate a range of economic batch sizes for which a process is normally cost-effective. ... finding trained operators. environmental considerations. will all affect the choice of the most economic process.

8 Sep 2001: In addition to these processes, there are a variety of "hot processes" such as welding and brazing which can often provide stronger and more economic joints for metal parts.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. Equipment is generally low cost, except where automation is used. ... Wave soldering is the most economic means of soldering large batches of printed circuit boards.

8 Sep 2001: Cold extrusion is possible for some metals giving better properties. Economics. ... Usually only economic for several thousand metres. Typical products. Tubing. aluminium window frames.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The machinery is expensive, and can cost well over £100,000. ... Because of the high capital cost, the process is only economic for batches of 100,000+.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The basic equipment cost is low - from £500 to £3,000; automation and higher temperature furnaces can increase this a lot. ... The labour intensive nature of the process mean it is usually only economic for small batches, although dedicated

8 Sep 2001: Economics. It is normal to try to reduce the amount of drilling required in a component by careful design - but when an accurate hole is required, drilling has little competition.

8 Sep 2001: Near-net-shape process, only the ends of the extrusion are wasted. Economics. ... Because of the high costs, it is usually only economic to produce lengths over 10km - although there is little competition for many of the possible shapes.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. On an industrial scale, the wear on grinding equipment is significant and this adds greatly to the cost.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The use of dedicated lathes for metal turning is rare on an industrial scale, except for prototyping.

8 Sep 2001: However, the production rate is slow so it is only economic for one-off jobs, repair work and difficult access situations. ... Joining of sheet (e.g. car body panels) is usually more economic by other welding processes such as spot welding.

8 Sep 2001: Economics. The production speed is limited by opening and closing the mould, so automation is normally used.