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Welchman, 2005; Mukai et al., 2007; Op de Beeck,Baker, DiCarlo, & Kanwisher, 2006; Sigman et al., 2005;Yotsumoto, Watanabe, & Sasaki, 2008). ... Op de Beeck, H. P., Baker, C. I., DiCarlo, J. J., &Kanwisher, N.

Op de Beeck, A. O’Toole, M. Riesenhuber, P. Schyns, D. Shanks, N.Sigala, F. ... Previousneurophysiological studies have proposed that the temporal cor-tex represents primarily the visual similarity between stimuli andtheir identity (Op de Beeck et al.,

etal., 2005; Op de Beeck et al., 2006).

Kourtzi et al., 2005; Sigman et al., 2005; Op de Beecket al., 2006; Mukai et al., 2007; Yotsumoto et al., 2008). ... Neuron 31:681– 697. Gillebert CR, Op de Beeck HP, Panis S, Wagemans J (2009) Subordinatecategorization enhances the neural selectivity

Learning Shapes Spatiotemporal Brain Patterns for Flexible Categorical Decisions. Sheng Li1,2,3, Stephen D. Mayhew3 and Zoe Kourtzi3. 1Department of Psychology and 2Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University,

AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank S Engel, N Kanwisher, H Op de Beeck and MRiesenhuber for comments and discussion on the manuscript.

In turn, these category formation anddecision processes may modulate selectivity for the per-ceived categories in occipito-temporal areas in a top–downmanner (Op de Beeck, Torfs, & Wagemans, 2008; Mirabellaet al., ... 2007; Op de Beeck, Baker, DiCarlo,

similarity between stimuli and their identity (Freedman et al.,. 2003; Jiang et al., 2007; Op de Beeck et al., 2001) while other. ... 1997; Op de Beeck et al., 2006; Op de Beeck et al., 2008).

Tuning for con-figurations develops gradually over the courseof 60 ms following initial responses to indi-vidual components (Brincat & Connor 2006).Configural tuning may represent a coding op-timum between the ... However, some neuro-physiological

Gauthieret al., 1997; Op de Beeck, Beatse, Wagemans, Sunaert,& Van Hecke, 2000; Tarr & Gauthier, 2000).