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20 Dec 2023: Set. A = {ω : ω An infinitely often}, B = {ω : ω An for all sufficiently large n}. ... Calculate the probability thatm given people will all be on the committee (a) directly, (b) using the inclusion-exclusion formula.Deduce that (. n mr m. )=. mj=0.

20 Jan 2021: Set. A = {ω : ω An infinitely often}, B = {ω : ω An for all sufficiently large n}. ... P(Xn = 0) 12π. h. (b) Show further that, for all x R,.

20 Dec 2023: a) Show that, for all p (0, ) and all x (0, ),. P(|X| x) E(|X|p)xp. (b) Show that, for all β 0,P(X x) E(eβX)eβx. ... 3. Let X be a Poisson random variable of parameter λ (0, ). (a) By optimizing the estimate of Question 2(b) over β, show that, for

20 Jan 2021: a) Show that, for all p (0, ) and all x (0, ),. P(|X| x) E(|X|p)xp. (b) Show that, for all β 0,P(X x) E(eβX)eβx. ... 3. Let X be a Poisson random variable of parameter λ (0, ).(a) By optimizing the estimate of Question 2(b) over β, show that, for

17 Oct 2019: b) Hence show that, for all such claims C, the no-arbitrage time-0 price is given by erTE(C)where P is an equivalent probability measure on FT , to be ... a) Write down the value of Y. (b) Fix α > 0 and set S′t = eαtSt and Y. ′ =

16 Nov 2020: PB(x, y) = P(x, y for x, y B)) is irreducible, in thesense that for all x, y B, there exists n 0 such that P nB(x, y) > 0. ... PπB (τA > t) =k. i=1. aiγti,. where πB(x) = π(x)/π(B) for all x B.

16 Nov 2020: P(Y = j) c, for all j > 0 and P(Y = j) is decreasing in j,. ... Prove that for all ε < 1/2 we have. tmix(ε) D/2.

3 Oct 2021: Consider the followingconditions. (a) T n for some n 0,(b) there is a constant C < such that |Xn| C for all n T almost surely,(c) E(T) < and there ... is a constant C < such that |Xn1 Xn| C for all n < T.

7 Oct 2019: b) Consider the case p = 1/2. Use the optional stopping theorem to show that, for all n 0,. ... c) Show directly that the initial value of the replicating portfolio in (b) is given by E(C)/(1 r)for all equivalent martingale measures P.

20 Feb 2024: 3. Let F be the set of all polynomials of degree at most 2 on X = Rp. ... Then g : Rm R. given by g(x) = f(Ax b) is a convex function.(c) Let Cα Rd be convex for all α I where I is some index set.