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30 Aug 2012: 1994 Retroviruses ininvertebrates: the gypsy retrotransposon is apparently. an infectious retrovirus of Drosophila melanogaster. ... B (2012). 2000 Life cycle of an endogenous retrovirus, ZAM, inDrosophila melanogaster.

8 May 2009: regions at the 50 and 30 ends of an mRNAendo-siRNA endogenous siRNA a short RNA (other than an miRNA) that is derived from the host genome,. ... InArabidopsis, more than half the endogenous siRNAsare derived from heterochromatic sequence, and a thirdof

3 Nov 2006: No successful treatmentsof normal sex ratio matrilines were completed tocontrol for the endogenous effects of the antibioticon sex ratio, although none is likely.

24 Aug 2022: In mammals, TEs and endogenous retroviruses have playedan important role in the evolution of the immune system, giving rise to enhancers regu-lating the expression of genes in response to interferon, ... Chuong, N. C. Elde, C. Feschotte, Regulatory

18 Jul 2011: J. 2010 Endogenous viralelements in animal genomes. PLOS Genet. 6,e1001191. (doi:10.1371/Journal.Pgen.1001191).

16 Jan 2014: an endogenous control reference gene (Elongation factor 1a 100E(EF1a100E)) using a QuantiTect Virus qRT-PCR kit (Qiagen,UK) and Taqman hydrolysis probes (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) on a. ... Relative viral RNA copy. number was then calculated relative to the

22 Jul 2016: Never-theless, endogenous piRNAs also have been identified in varioussomatic tissues from fly, mouse, and macaque, as well as in mos-quito head and thorax (22, 23).The piRNA pathway was ... Although one study hasreported the presence of endogenous

18 Mar 2015: The viral RNA load was expressedrelative to the endogenous control housekeeping gene RpL32 (Rp49). ... Two qRT-PCR reactions(technical replicates) were carried out per sample with both the viral and endogenous controlprimers.

18 Nov 2015: 2015; Walker et al. 2015).Furthermore, a number of arthropod genomes contain inte-grated endogenous viral elements (EVEs) with similarity torhabdoviruses, suggesting that these species have been infectedwith rhabdoviruses at some ... intothe insect

25 Nov 2021: Because primers for the viruses and the endogenous genes haveapproximate similar efficiencies, we calculated viral titer from the cycle thresholds(Ct) as 2ΔCt, where ΔCt = CtRpL32 Ctvirus.

26 Sep 2011: The copy-number of viral genomic RNA was expressed. relative to the endogenous control housekeeping gene RpL32 (Rp49).We designed different RpL32 primers specific for each species. ... technical replicates) were carried out per sample with both the.

30 Apr 2019: endogenous control primers. Each qRT-PCR plate contained three standard samples, and all experi-. ... of the virus and the endogenous control. Viral load calculated without using the endogenous control.

18 Sep 2009: 20], but not in our experiments. As an endogenous control,. we also measured the expression of RpL32 (Rp49). ... Tsai et al. [20], we used Act88F as an endogenous control.

5 Dec 2017: Virus identification and genome assembly. To identify viruses, we first mapped RNA-Seq reads to the genome of the host species to exclude genome-derived transcripts, thus filtering out endogenous viral ... Nat. Commun. 7, 13856 (2016). 9. Ghildiyal, M.

9 Aug 2017: atpDQALL_R: 50-AATCCTTTATGAGCTTTTGC-30) relative to the. endogenous Drosophila control gene RpL32 (species-specific primers;. ... GGTTT-30; reverse: 50-CTTGAACCATGGCCTTTTG-30) relative to the. endogenous control gene RpL32 (species-specific primers;

26 Apr 2016: Standard curve anal-ysis was carried out and normalised to an Actin endogenous control. ... Results indicated that when comparedto Actin endogenous control there is 22 times more Wolbachia (S5 Fig), suggesting a densityof at least 100% with more than one

22 Feb 2010: Journalof Neurogenetics 1998, 12(4):227-240. 12. Kawamura Y, Saito K, Kin T, Ono Y, Asai K, Sunohara T, Okada TN,Siomi MC, Siomi H: Drosophila endogenous small RNAs bind

10 Nov 2015: endogenous cytokine rather than directlyto pathogen molecules (see below; Leulier and Lemaitre2008).

4 Nov 2011: the endogenous control (actin 5C). The viral titre or geneexpression in resistant flies relative to susceptible flies was.

22 Apr 2021: RESEARCH ARTICLE. Widespread conservation and lineage-specificdiversification of genome-wide DNAmethylation patterns across arthropodsSamuel H. Lewis1,2,3, Laura RossID. 4, Stevie A. BainID4, Eleni PahitaID. 2,3, StephenA. SmithID. 5, Richard

4 Feb 2011: Recent and Recurrent Selective Sweeps of the Antiviral RNAiGene Argonaute-2 in Three Species of Drosophila. Darren J. Obbard,,1,2 Francis M. Jiggins,3 Nicholas J. Bradshaw,4 and Tom J. Little1,2. 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of

11 May 2011: RNA was extractedand reverse-transcribed (see above), and qRT-PCR was used tomeasure the viral titer relative to an endogenous control(RpL32) using the delta delta CT method.

30 Oct 2009: Quantifying Adaptive Evolution in the DrosophilaImmune SystemDarren J. Obbard1, John J. Welch1, Kang-Wook Kim1,2, Francis M. Jiggins3. 1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Animal

16 Nov 2012: As an endogenous control weamplified Actin5c using the primers qActin5c_for2 (59GAGCGC-GGTTACTCTTTCAC 39) and qActin5c_rev2 (59 AAGCCTC-CATTCCCAAGAAC 39).We performed three technical repli-cates of each PCR and

2 Jul 2015: For carcasses and testes, the amount of the Wolba-chia gene atpD (atpDQALL_F: 5’-CCTTATCTTAAAGGAGGAAA-3’; atpDQALL_R: 5’-AATCCTTTATGAGCTTTTGC-3’) relative to the endogenous control gene actin 5C (Forwardprimer:

10 Aug 2012: UNCORRECTED PROOF Date: 12:15 Thursday 21 June 2012File: Rhabdoviruses 3P. 8The Sigma Viruses of DrosophilaBen Longdon, Lena Wilfert and Francis M. Jiggins. AbstractThe sigma virus of Drosophila melanogaster (DMelSV) was discovered accidentally over

24 Jan 2016: RESEARCH ARTICLE. A Polymorphism in the Processing BodyComponent Ge-1 Controls Resistance toa Naturally Occurring Rhabdovirus inDrosophilaChuan Cao, Michael M. Magwire¤a, Florian Bayer¤b, Francis M. Jiggins. Department of Genetics, University of

19 Sep 2014: using the GoScript Reverse Transcription System (Promega) with. random primers. Host gene expression and the Wolbachia densitywere measured relative to the endogenous control gene actin 5C(Table S3) using the SensiFAST

16 Jan 2014: Wolbachia Variants Induce Differential Protection toViruses in Drosophila melanogaster: A Phenotypic andPhylogenomic AnalysisEwa Chrostek1, Marta S. P. Marialva1, Sara S. Esteves1, Lucy A. Weinert2, Julien Martinez3,. Francis M. Jiggins3, Luis