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5 Dec 2016: Survival assay. In order to test for a potential protective effect of wSuz, we. ... 2011) Spotted wing Drosophila infestation of Cal-. ifornia strawberries and raspberries: economic analysis of.

24 Aug 2022: 131. 111. 5.16. 4. Mantel test: P < 0.001; Fig. 5A, red points, excluding Sydneyand Cattai). ... to its speed, magnitude, geographical range, and known origin,provide an ideal dataset to test population genetics theory.

22 Jul 2016: We tested for the existence of differences between samplings by using Fisher’sexact test. ... the trend was notsignificant (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.74 and P = 0.05 respectively).

10 Oct 2007: Since linked. markers are not mutually independent, we did not perform aBonferroni test. ... Instead, we used a threshold of p < 0.01 toaccount for the large number of tests.

18 Sep 2009: considerable economic and medical importance. For example,. viruses have had devastating economic consequences on honey-. ... bottles using a standard CO2 test [19]. We performed 5 dye swap replicates (10 arrays) on the males.

12 Apr 2011: Ifsignificant interaction is present, an asterisk indicates significant difference( 0.05) by posthoc t test. ... For instance, incomparing the daily amount of food, water, and movement a correction wasmade for 3 tests.

18 Nov 2015: people per year with an estimated economic cost of $8.6billion (US) (Hampson et al. ... Branch support was estimated usingApproximate Likelihood-Ratio Tests (aLRT) that are reported tooutperform bootstrap methods (Anisimova and Gascuel 2006).Figures were

16 Nov 2017: evolve resistance. Aside from its economic and health impact, this variation provides a power-. ... as a p value of <0.05 (Tukey multiple comparison test) and these differences are only considering comparisonswithin a given panel.

30 Apr 2019: formally test whether a history of coevolution alters the amount and nature of genetic variation. ... evolution (Longdon et al., 2011b). To test whether selection by viruses increases the amount of.

19 Feb 2008: p!0.05, p!0.01 and p!0.001 significancevalues are uncorrected for multiple tests.). species name locationasamplesize sex ratiob. ... an exact binomial goodness of fit test.c Difference in prevalence between males and females was tested using a exact

18 Jul 2011: This model ofsequence evolution was selected by comparing alternative modelsusing Akaike information criterion in MODEL TEST [15]. ... To test whether the sigma viruses have exclusivelycospeciated with their hosts, we compared the hostand virus

9 Oct 2007: Therefore, to test for positive se-lection in the siRNA genes, we used McDonald-Kreitman(MK) tests [15]. ... 1987). A test ofneutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data. Genetics116, 153–159.

3 Nov 2006: We then used Fu and Li’s (1993) Dand F tests, using D. ... Fu Y-X, Li W-H (1993) Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations.

3 Nov 2006: topology relative to the maximum likelihood topology using the. SH test (Goldman et al. ... All P values were Bon-ferroni corrected for multiple tests performed on each alignment.

3 Nov 2006: M8: 2Dl 5 91.62, df 5 2, P ,0.001). Similarly, these tests supported the presence ofpositive selection in the C. ... Comput. Appl. Biosci. 13:555–556. ———. 1998. Likelihood ratio tests for detecting positive se-lection and application to primate

17 Mar 2010: test, p = 0.435). Once established, mite populations developed atsimilar rates on A. ... Egg hatch rates were compared using theWilcoxon Rank Sum Test. 246 E.L.

3 Nov 2006: TAXA GENE LENGTHNUM-. BER uW. CORRELATION. r2, d zD9z, d. PERMUTATION TESTS FORRECOMBINATION. ... The presence or absence of recom-bination can be tested for using a permutation test.

24 Aug 2022: 3B;Tukey HSD test, chromosome 2 vs. 3: P < 0.00001, chromosomeX vs. ... S2A; Welch’s t test: t =12.51, df = 5.81, P = 0.00002).

3 Nov 2006: These tests comparethe number of mutations on internal branches with thoseon terminal branches. ... TABLE 2. The probabilities of the observed values of test statisticsunder the neutral model.

18 Feb 2008: other. The test then estimateswhether these regions are longer than would be expectedby chance. ... Genetics, 155, 2011 – 2014. Hudson RR, Boos DD, Kaplan NL (1992) A statistical test fordetecting geographic subdivision.

18 Feb 2008: same as the ratio of synonymous : nonsynonymous. interspecific differences. The McDonald–Kreitman test. ... Table 3 McDonald–Krietman tests on dif-. ferent domains of the serine proteases.

3 Nov 2006: The cause of this sex ratio bias isnot known. The hatch rates of broods from all-female matri-lines and normal sex ratio matrilines are significantlydifferent (Mann–Whitney U-test: n ... normal matrilines (data not shown, Mann–WhitneyU-test: n 1 = 15,

9 Jun 2017: This knowledgegap has partly arisen from the lack of an appropriate empiricalsystem in which to test these predictions. ... 1995 New perspectives oncomparative tests of antagonistic pleiotropy usingDrosophila. Evolution 49, 394 – 397.

3 Nov 2006: bacteria known to cause male-killing in other insects. Spiroplasma-specific PCR reactions were used to test. ... 51,. U 485 ; P! 00001) (First instar survival : datanot shown ; Mann–Whitney U-test : n. "

12 Apr 2011: B, Insulin tolerance test with12 U/kg in 10-wk-old OB (squares, solid line) and OB2C (filled dia-monds, dashed line) mice. ... However, interpretation ofthese insulin tolerance test results is confounded by the sig-nificantly elevated (relative to OB)

16 Nov 2012: 3b). To test whether mimicry loci might be intro-gressed between co-mimetic H. ... melpomene23,24 (Fig. 4a). For a reciprocal test, we used the same H.

8 May 2009: oftransmission was 8% (Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test U 1020, nsusceptible 60, nresistant 17, P , 0.0001). ... Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test U 840, nsusceptible 60,nresistant 14, P , 0.0001).

3 Nov 2006: 2002)].We wanted to test whether this pattern of evolution. was general across Drosophila AMPs. ... This permutation test accountsfor multiple tests. We detected only one possible gene con-version event in D.

8 May 2009: point, andsignificance of the observed chi-square statistic is assessedby a permutation test. ... Tests of neutrality within allelic classesFirstly, to test for a non-neutral rate of protein evolutionwe used a test directly analogous to that of McDonald

8 May 2009: We wanted to test whether the three crosses had yieldedsignificantly different QTL locations. ... Table 2 Test of whether the QTLs are in different locations in the three crosses.

11 May 2011: In all crosses, uninfected partners were assayed forinfection to test whether horizontal transmission had occurred. ... We tested for recombination with a four-gamete test(Hudson and Kaplan 1985).

3 Nov 2006: b) Test for known male-killers in Adalia bipunctataGenomic DNA was prepared from ovaries of one individual. ... This di¡erence isnot signi¢cant at the 5% level according to the KishinoHase-gawa test.

18 Feb 2008: Third, weused population-genetic tests based on the observed levelsgenetic differentiation between population and patterns ofdiversity to test whether these genes show evidence ofstrong or recent adaptive evolution. ... Second,we applied tests separately

18 Jul 2011: Theprevalence of infection varied significantly amongthese species (Fisher Exact Test: P=002), but wasalways below 5%. ... C. and Felsenstein, J. (1965). The robustness of homogen-eity tests in 2 X n tables.

3 Nov 2006: Post-hoc tests. were used to investigate pairwise differences between. population means, corrected for multiple com-. ... African populations displayed higher resistance. Study of further populations will be required to test.

12 Apr 2011: rustigianiiDSM 4541T. Test strips were run once for P. rustigianiiDSM 4541T and non-type strains of the novel species. ... DResults were determined using the API 20 E (a) or API 50 CH (b) test strip.

9 Oct 2007: 1996), but which only used three. resistant haplotypes, which was too few to test for. ... Lewontin, R. C. & Felsenstein, J. 1965 The robustness ofhomogeneity tests in 2!n tables.

3 Mar 2017: There were significant differences in theprevalence between populations (electronic supplementarymaterial, tables S4 – S6) for CCapSV (figure 2; x2-test,d.f. ... levels of genetic differen-tiation with a KST value of 0.15 ( permutation test, p , 0.001).

3 Nov 2006: Further data are clearly necessary. We aim to test these ideas in a second insect order byinvestigating in more detail the butteries A. ... However, gene sequence datawere not obtained from all these lines to test whetherthese bacteria were monophyletic

5 May 2020: possibleproducts of recombination deviated from the expected 50 : 50ratio (binomial test, p < 0.01). ... We conducted a Mantel test with 1000 permu-tations by randomly attributing Wolbachia treatments topopulations.

9 Oct 2007: The McDonald-Kreitman test was not significant for TepII or TepIV. Tep Polymorphism. ... Intron coding 76 35 20 15 n.s. a Two-tailed Fisher exact test.

11 Nov 2015: Wecounted the number of eggs laid in each cup and collectedthe adult females.To test if body size correlated with the autogeny trait in. ... To test if temperature affects. the autogeny trait we had two treatments, low temperature(22C) and standard

3 Nov 2006: We then tested directly whether the phylogenetic signals ofthe two genes are mutually incompatible using the parsimony-based partition homogeneity test (Farris et al. ... other respects).The test statistic was then recalculated for each replicated pairof

22 Feb 2010: region of the gene encoding the PP3 protein (Figure 1;permutation test of clustering: P < 0.0001). ... To test this,we examined whether the rate at which fly mRNAs areedited by ADAR is altered by sigma virus infection.

18 Sep 2009: was larger than that of the real data. (ii) Conjugation gene incongruence test. ... model (different substitution patterns and rates, but a. common topology). (iii) Mantel tests.

4 Nov 2011: Test: W = 110, P = 1.261024).This process was repeated to generate recombinants in the. ... was 9.6-fold greater (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: W = 88,. P = 2.661025).

24 Jan 2016: to just under 8kb (2L: 11094733–11102848, BDGP5; Fig 2A, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: W = 32, P = 0.0063). ... 0.009; Ge-1 heterozygous background: Wilcoxon RankSum Test: W = 87, P = 0.02).

11 Nov 2015: 2.3. Experimental design. To test if age affected the susceptibility of mosquitoes to B. ... Fisher's exact test, p = 0.007) andin six-week old LVP-R (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.04).

3 Nov 2006: The appropriate test given our experimen-tal design is the G test (Sokal and Rohlf 1995). ... However,this test becomes inaccurate at small sample sizes (Sokal and. 2292 FRANCIS M.

22 Apr 2021: 2018), syntenic cifA and cifB genes showstrong phylogenetic congruence (Mantel test P-value <0.0001; supplementary fig. ... 4!10$4 mutations/amino acid; cifB: 3!10$4 mutations/amino acid; Fisher’s exact test: P0.64).