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3 Dec 2009: measures of ‘native ability’ scores from tests (such as the Ravens test) in earnings functions. ... Our tests, however, were administered in Urdu. Therefore, these people’s inability to comprehend the literacy test possibly captured their inability

3 Dec 2009: The test used by Levine and replicated here tests the fundamental implication of efficiency wage theory that marginal wage increases raise productivity sufficiently to pay for themselves. ... Hanushek, Eric (1986) “The Economics of Schooling:

3 Dec 2009: explanation for large gender gaps in education in Pakistan. We empirically test this. ... sizeable gender asymmetry in economic returns to education, with returns to women’s.

3 Dec 2009: measures of ‘native ability’ scores from tests (such as the Ravens test) in earnings functions. ... Our tests, however, were administered in Urdu. Therefore, these people’s inability to comprehend the literacy test possibly captured their inability

3 Dec 2009: to the 1993–94 National Council of Applied Economic Research. (NCAER) household survey, the actual share was 30.7%, again more. ... Note: The maximum marks possible in the math and reading tests were 36 and 29 respec-tively.

3 Dec 2009: The extent to which education raises earnings is loosely called the economic ‘return’ to education. ... Federal Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.

3 Dec 2009: explanation for large gender gaps in education in Pakistan. We empirically test this. ... sizeable gender asymmetry in economic returns to education, with returns to women’s.

3 Dec 2009: 4. Progressive Matrices test and tests of numeracy and literacy were also given to each sampled child2. ... Sabot (1990). We adapted these tests to the Pakistani context, reduced the number of questions to test.

3 Dec 2009: The 2006 wave of the GHWS includes data from four skills tests and a health knowledge test. ... The skills tests include a Raven’s test, an English test, a mathematics test, and a reading test.1There is some evidence in very recent literature regarding

3 Dec 2009: Oxford, OX1 3UQ United Kingdom. francis.teal@economics.ox.ac.uk. September 2008 This paper was presented to the Conference on ‘Economic Incentives: Do They Work in Education?’ 15-17 May ... the Ravens Progressive Matrices test. The teacher

3 Dec 2009: Measuring these economic returns to apprenticeship is a difficult undertaking for three reasons. ... scores on skills tests and the score on the Raven’s test.

3 Dec 2009: Some prominent CSS in elementary education were designed after the introduction of New Economic Policy. ... Source: Economic survey (various years), WPI from Office of the economic adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

3 Dec 2009: Measuring these economic returns to apprenticeship is a difficult undertaking for three reasons. ... scores on skills tests and the score on the Raven’s test.

3 Dec 2009: They tend to be different if economics, on the one hand, or anthropology, on the other, are dominant. ... one hand, and a variety of human, social and economic outcomes on the other.

3 Dec 2009: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 23, Number 2, 2007, pp.168 – 195. ... India’s recent economic growth rates have generated much optimism about its generalsocial and economic development.

3 Dec 2009: the Ravens Progressive Matrices test. The teacher questionnaire collected information on a range. ... Scholastic Achievement”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(2): 533-75. Ballou, D. (2001).

3 Dec 2009: However, this variable is not a good measure of the true economic circumstances of the households. ... formation) and prevent economic status from confounding the findings as much as possible.

3 Dec 2009: Behrman, J. R., and B. Wolfe. 1984. “The Socio-economic Impact of Schooling in a Developing Country.” Review of Economics and Statistics 66 (2): 296–303. ... Hanushek, Eric A. 2005. "The Economics of School Quality." German Economic Review 6 (3):

3 Dec 2009: primary, that has an impact on the economic environment. Furthermore, the World Bank’s Constructing. ... 12. institutional capacity that is required for economic growth and poverty reduction (World Bank, 2002, p.

3 Dec 2009: Centre for Study of African Economies, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, UK. ... education does not directly promote economic mobility for the large majority of workers in Ghana.

3 Dec 2009: The 2006 wave of the GHWS includes data from four skills tests and a health knowledge test. ... The skills tests include a Raven’s test, an English test, a mathematics test, and a reading test.1There is some evidence in very recent literature regarding

3 Dec 2009: The CWIQ. 6 Jolliffe, D. (1998) “Skills, Schooling and Household Income in Ghana” World Bank Economic Review, Vol. ... The group that has never attended school has the highest incidence of economic inactivity after the senior secondary completers.

3 Dec 2009: Measuring these economic returns to apprenticeship is a difficult undertaking for three reasons. ... scores on skills tests and the score on the Raven’s test.

3 Dec 2009: In addition, each child. took the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test and tests of numeracy and literacy21. ... We adapted these tests to the Pakistani. context, reduced the number of questions to test the pupils within a given time frame, and.

3 Dec 2009: Donor share of total education spending.14 Figure 2. Trends in economic growth since 1984. ... Figure 2: Trends in economic growth since 1984. -8-6-4-202468. 10. 1980.

3 Dec 2009: to parental household welfare post-marriage in patrilineal societies.1 More generally, we test whether sickness. ... potentially the most compelling explanation in the South African context may be that economic.

3 Dec 2009: However, this variable is not a good measure of the true economic circumstances of the households. ... formation) and prevent economic status from confounding the findings as much as possible.

3 Dec 2009: Prior to the economic reforms in 1984, the educational sector suffered massive financing constraints which led to a serious shortage of teachers (i.e. ... Aid partnership has often been conditional on economic, environmental or social policies, such as

3 Dec 2009: Centre for Study of African Economies, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, UK. ... confirm significant economic returns to literacy for 13 countries on which literacy data were.

3 Dec 2009: primary, that has an impact on the economic environment. Furthermore, the World Bank’s Constructing. ... 12. institutional capacity that is required for economic growth and poverty reduction (World Bank, 2002, p.

3 Dec 2009: Donor share of total education spending.14 Figure 2. Trends in economic growth since 1984. ... Figure 2: Trends in economic growth since 1984. -8-6-4-202468. 10. 1980.

3 Dec 2009: m a rch 22, 2008 EPW Economic & Political Weekly24. of the person with disability as “suffer-ing”, resulting in a charity framework. ... Mehrotra, Nilika (2004): ‘Women, Disability and Social Support in Rural Haryana’, Economic & Political Weekly,

3 Dec 2009: The extent to whicheducation raises earnings is loosely called the economic ‘return’ toeducation. ... 2003) Economic transition and returns to education in China. Economics of Education Review, 22(3), 317-328.Maluccio, J.

3 Dec 2009: NN 40by: Kenneth King, NORRAG, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh. EDITORIAL: THE MANY FACES OF SUSTAINABILITY IN EDUCATION EXPANSION, INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. ... Economic growth flows only from reforms that bring actual improvements in cognitive

3 Dec 2009: The extent to whicheducation raises earnings is loosely called the economic ‘return’ toeducation. ... 2003) Economic transition and returns to education in China. Economics of Education Review, 22(3), 317-328.Maluccio, J.

3 Dec 2009: Angrist, Joshua, E. Bettinger, E. Bloom, E. King, and M. Kremer (2002) “Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment,” American Economic Review, vol. ... of. Economics and Statistics, 58, No.1: 55-80,

3 Dec 2009: Trade, rapid advances in science and technology, and intensified economic competition have shaped the demand for skills in countries worldwide. ... as an important link to employment, and as a means to promote economic growth and reduce poverty in the

3 Dec 2009: 2004). Women, Disability and Social Support in Rural Haryana. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(52), 5640–5644.Ministry of Law and Justice. ... Economic andPolitical Weekly, 199-203.NSSO. (2003). Disabled Persons in India, NSS 58th round (July –

3 Dec 2009: Some aspects are concerned with sustained economic development. Which is obviously not the same as sustainable economic growth.

3 Dec 2009: 4. Launching large scale community-based training programmes, using the model of ILO’s “Training for Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE)” pilot project.

3 Dec 2009: Priorities for policy change can best be informed by anunderstanding of the causes of existing inequalities, whichare dependent on national contexts, history and social and economic conditions. ... On the contrary, a committed shifttowards the creation

3 Dec 2009: labour market and economic reforms that such outcomes require. Arguably the vocabularies of. ... familiar policy agendas as ways forward. Although the need for profound social and economic.

3 Dec 2009: between primary educationand economic development, on education financing, on development theoryand on economic adjustment in Africa. ... Bigo, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2007). Janet Raynor is an independent consultant in education.

3 Dec 2009: governmental organisations); and third the agenda associated with the global economic outcomes of. ... than vocational/economic liberalisation and marketisation. Clearly, educating the new global learner will.

3 Dec 2009: countries. The economics of education literature presents the various theories that drive the international. ... Financial assistance is. linked to broader political and economic agendas. Multilateral and bilateral institutions affect policy.

3 Dec 2009: mainstream economic understanding of free entry and exit with the latter occurring when individuals. ... economic disadvantaged backgrounds has become a matter of public interest and with research.

3 Dec 2009: to alleviate poverty through economic growth, universal human rights, and the development of. ... undifferentiated) group located within economic, familial and legal structures and the product of.

3 Dec 2009: countries. The economics of education literature presents the various theories that drive the international. ... Financial assistance is. linked to broader political and economic agendas. Multilateral and bilateral institutions affect policy.

3 Dec 2009: human capital. The arguments here are not merely economic (though that remains an important. ... with significant economic and socio-cultural dimensions (Elwan, 1999).9 Not only does disability.

3 Dec 2009: among the most backward or deprived in India, on many socio-economic and schooling indicators. ... historical discrimination) are almost always at the bottom of the socio-economic hierarchy as well.